Full Description
The clinical application of anorectal manometry was pioneered by pediatric sur- geons. Swenson in 1949 reported that the aganglionic bowel of patients with Hirsch- sprung's disease did not show any propulsive movements. In 1967 Lawson and Nixon and Schnaufer et al. found that the rectosphincteric reflex, which is ob- served in both normal individuals and patients with chronic idiopathic constipa- tion, is absent in patients with Hirschsprung's disease, and suggested anorectal manometry to be useful for the differentiation of Hirschsprung's disease from chronic idiopathic constipation. Studies on the pathophysiology of constipation and incontinence problems have flourished in Japan; the Japanese Research Society for Anorectal Manometry in Childhood was founded in 1975 by Ikeda, Okamoto, Katsumata, and Kasai. The Society has contributed greatly to advances in the clinical application of anorectal manometry. Basic investigations on the function of the anorectum in both normal individuals and patients with constipation or incontinence problems have also been promoted by members of the Society. The technique of anorectal manometry has been refined and standardized.
The criteria for manometric diag- nosis of Hirschsprung's disease have been established. And the correlation be- tween postoperative continence in patients with Hirschsprung's disease or ano- rectal malformation and manometric findings has been understood. In this section, works by members of the Society are presented.
Contents
I: Constipation and Fecal Incontinence.- Preface.- Studies on the Rectoanal Reflex in Children and in Experimental Animals: An Evaluation of Neuronal Control of the Rectoanal Reflex.- Computerized Analysis of Anorectal Manometry.- The Electromyographic Examination to Evaluate the External Sphincter Muscle in Anorectal Malformations.- Diagnosis of Hirschsprung's Disease by Anorectal Manometry.- Problems in Diagnosis of Hirschsprung's Disease by Anorectal Manometry.- Anorectal Manometry After Ikeda's Z-Shaped Anastomosis in Hirschsprung's Disease.- Motility of the Anorectum After the Soave-Denda Operation.- Anorectal Motility After Rectal Myectomy in Patients with Hirschsprung's Disease.- Continence and Reflex Pressure Profile After Surgery to Correct the Imperforate Anus.- Management of Defecation in Spina Bifida.- Anorectal Motility in Children with Complete Rectal Prolapse.- Rectoanal Pressure Studies and Postoperative Continence in Imperforate Anus.- II: Motility Disturbances of the Gut.- Preface.- Electrophysiological Principles of Motility Disturbances in the Small and Large Intestines — Review of the Literature and Personal Experience.- The Practical Significance of Manometry in Pathology of the Rectum and Anorectum.- Functional Colonic Ultrasonography: Normal Findings of Colonic Motility and Follow-Up in Neuronal Intestinal Dysplasia.- The Influence of Small Bowel Contamination on the Pathogenesis of Bowel Obstruction.- Diagnosis of Innervation-Related Motility Disorders of the Gut and Basic Aspects of Enteric Nervous System Development.- Neuronal Intestinal Dysplasia.- Motility Malfunction of the Gastrointestinal Tract by Rare Diseases — Fibrosis of the Intestinal Wall.- Transient Functional Obstruction of the Colon in Neonates: Examination of ItsDevelopment by Manometry and Biopsies.- Total Colonic Aganglionosis.- Surgical Management of Chronic Intestinal Pseudo-obstruction in Infancy and Childhood.- The Importance of Oral Sodium Replacement in Ileostomy Patients.
