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Full Description
Why do students who belong to racial minority groups—particularly black students—fall short in school performance? This book provides a comprehensive and critical examination of black identity and its implications for black academic achievement and intellectualism.
No other group of students has been more studied, more misunderstood, and more maligned than African American students. The racial gap between White and African American students does exist: a difference of roughly 20 percent in college graduation rates has persisted for more than the past two decades; and since 1988, the racial gap on the reading and mathematics sections of the Scholastic Aptitude Test (SAT) has increased from 189 points to 201 points. What are the true sources of these differences?
In this book, psychology professor and editor-in-chief of the Journal of Black Psychology Kevin Cokley, PhD, delves into and challenges the dominant narrative regarding black student achievement by examining the themes of black identity, the role of self-esteem, the hurdles that result in academic difficulties, and the root sources of academic motivation. He proposes a bold alternate narrative that uses black identity as the theoretical framework to examine factors in academic achievement and challenge the widely accepted notion of black anti-intellectualism. This book will be valuable to all educators, especially those at the high school through undergraduate college/university level, as well as counselors associated with academic and community institutions, social service providers, policy makers, clergy and lay staff within the faith-based community, and parents.
Contents
Series Foreword by Judy Kuriansky
Acknowledgments
Introduction: Personal Reflections of an African American Psychologist
Elementary School—the Awakening of Racial Awareness
Middle School—Ambiguous Racial Slights
High School—Integrating an Academic and Racial Identity
College—Emerging Black Consciousness and Academic Struggles
Graduate School—Black Identity and Academic Excellence
College Professor—Research and Teaching as Autobiography
1 Who Am I? The Search for Black Identity
What's in a Name: African, African American, or Black?
Defining Racial and Ethnic Identity
Models of Racial and Ethnic Identity
Ethnic Identity
African-Centered/Afrocentric Identity
Influence of Negative Images and Messages on Black Identity
Black Identity and the Myth of Black Anti-Intellectualism
2 Racial/Ethnic Identity and Academic Achievement: Is This the Right Paradigm to Explain the Achievement Gap?
Negative Influence of Racial and Ethnic Identity
Positive Influence of Racial and Ethnic Identity
Minimal or No Influence of Racial and Ethnic Identity
Mixed/Conditional Influence of Racial and Ethnic Identity
Analysis and Conclusions
3 Acting White and Oppositional Culture: Missing the Forest for the Trees
Deconstructing the Acting White Thesis: An Africentric Critique
Acting White: Beyond School Achievement
Cultural-Ecological Theory and Oppositional Culture
Devaluing School or Lack of Skills?
Types of Oppositionality to High Achievement
Acting White Revisited: Mischaracterization, Misinterpretation, or Missing the Boat?
Analysis and Conclusions
4 Victimhood, Separatism, and Anti-Intellectualism: In Defense of Black Culture
Cult of Victimology
Cult of Separatism
Cult of Anti-Intellectualism
Analysis and Conclusions
5 Black Students and Academic Disidentification: Why Grades Do Not Tell the Entire Story
Self-Esteem
Academic Self-Concept
Stereotype Threat
Academic Disidentification
Devaluing Academic Success
Discounting Academic Feedback
Academic Motivation
Analysis and Conclusions
6 Afrocentric Pedagogy as a Tool for Motivating African American Students
Black Cultural Learning Styles: Fact or Fiction?
Afro-Cultural Values: Communalism, Movement, and Verve
African-Centered Education
Impact of Psychology of the African American Experience Class
Analysis and Conclusions
Bibliography
Index
