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Full Description
Understanding the political and socio-economic factors which give rise to youth recruitment into militant organizations is at the heart of grasping some of the most important issues that affect the contemporary Middle East and Africa. In this book, Khalid Mustafa Medani explains why youth are attracted to militant organizations, examining the specific role economic globalization, in the form of outmigration and expatriate remittance inflows, plays in determining how and why militant activists emerge. The study challenges existing accounts that rely primarily on ideology to explain militant recruitment. Based on extensive fieldwork, Medani offers an in-depth analysis of the impact of globalization, neoliberal reforms and informal economic networks as a conduit for the rise and evolution of moderate and militant Islamist movements and as an avenue central to the often, violent enterprise of state building and state formation. In an original contribution to the study of Islamist and ethnic politics more broadly, he thereby shows the importance of understanding when and under what conditions religious rather than other forms of identity become politically salient in the context of changes in local conditions.
Contents
Part I. The Frameworkinformal networks in the Middle East and Africa; Part II. The Institutional Context in an Era of Abundance: 1. The house the boom built: the informal economy and Islamist politics in Egypt; 2. Investing in Islamism: labor remittances, Islamic banking and the rise of political Islam in Sudan; 3. Islamist versus clan networks: labor remittances, Hawwala banking and the predatory state in Somalia; Part III. Globalization and Institutional Change in an Era of Scarcity: 4. Economic crisis, informal institutions, and the transformation of Islamist politics in Egypt; 5. From remittance economy to rentier state: the rise and fall of an Islamist authoritarian regime in Sudan; 6. State collapse, informal networks and the dilemma of state building in Somalia; 7. The political economy of radicalization: informal networks and the rise of an urban militant Islamism in Cairo; Conclusions. Informal markets and the politics of identity; failed states, the criminalization of informal networks and the global war on terrorism.
