Full Description
This highly acclaimed criminology text presents an up-to-date review of rational choice theories, including deterrence, shaming, and routine activities. It also incorporates current examples of deterrence research regarding domestic violence, drunk driving, and capital punishment, and features thought-provoking discussion of the relativity of crime. The authors explore the crime problem, its context, and causes of crime. The organization of the text reflects the fact that the etiology of crime must be at the heart of criminology. It examines contemporary efforts to redefine crime by focusing on family violence, hate crimes, white-collar misconduct with violent consequences, and other forms of human behavior often neglected by criminologists. Extensive discussion of evolving laws is included, and while the prevalence of the scientific method in the field of criminology is highlighted, the impact of ideology on explanations of crime is the cornerstone of the book.
Contents
Section I: THE FOUNDATIONS OF MODERN CRIMINOLOGY CLASSICAL SCHOOL Cesare Beccaria On Crimes and Punishments CLASSICAL SCHOOL Jeremy Bentham Introduction to the Principles of Morals and Legislation POSITIVE SCHOOL Cesare Lombroso Crime: Its Causes and Remedies Section II: THE CHICAGO SCHOOL AND DERIVATIVES ECOLOGICAL THEORY Clifford R. Shaw & Henry D. McKay Juvenile Delinquency and Urban Areas CULTURE CONFLICT THEORY Thorsten Sellin The Conflict of Conduct Norms DIFFERENTIAL ASSOCIATION THEORY Edwin H. Sutherland Differential Association SOCIAL LEARNING THEORY Ronald L. Akers A Social Learning Perspective on Deviant Behavior Section III: STRAIN AND SUBCULTURE THEORIES ANOMIE THEORY Robert K. Merton Social Structure and Anomie SUBCULTURE THEORY Albert K. Cohen Delinquent Boys DIFFERENTIAL OPPORTUNITY THEORY Richard A. Cloward & Lloyd E. Ohlin Delinquency and Opportunity FOCAL CONCERN THEORY Walter B. Miller Lower Class Culture as a Generating Milieu of Gang Delinquency Section IV: LABELING THEORY LABELING THEORY Howard S. Becker Outsiders LABELING THEORY Edwin M. Lemert Secondary Deviance Section V: CONFLICT THEORIES CONFLICT THEORY Richard Quinney The Social Reality of Crime CONFLICT THEORY Steven Spitzer Toward a Marxian Theory of Deviance CONFLICT THEORY Austin T. Turk Political Criminality Section VI: SOCIAL CONTROL THEORIES TECHNIQUES OF NEUTRALIZATION Gresham M. Sykes & David Matza Techniques of Neutralization CONTAINMENT THEORY Walter C. Reckless A New Theory of Delinquency and Crime SOCIAL CONTROL THEORY Travis Hirschi A Control Theory of Delinquency Section VII: CONTEMPORARY PERSPECTIVES ROUTINE ACTIVITY THEORY Lawrence E. Cohen & Marcus Felson A Routine Activity Approach FEMALE CRIMINALITY Dorie Klein The Etiology of Female Crime
