Description
Systems Science for Engineers and Scholars
Brings a powerful toolkit to bear on engineering and scientific endeavors.
This book describes the fundamental principles of systems science so engineers and other scholars can put them into practical use at work and in their personal lives. Systems science aims to determine systemic similarities among different disciplines and to develop applicable solutions in many fields of inquiry.
Systems Science for Engineers and Scholars readers will discover:
- Ten systems science principles that open engineers’ and scholars’ horizons to practical insights related to their areas of interest
- A methodology for designing holistic systems that exhibit resilient behavior to overcome systems’ context uncertainties
- The most critical current dilemma of humankind—the global environment and energy crises, as well as a systemic, no-nonsense action plan to deal with these issues
- Independent articles describing how engineers and scholars can utilize systems science creatively in (1) engineering and systemic psychology; (2) delivering value and resolving conflicts; (3) multi-objective, multi-agent decision-making; (4) systems engineering using category theory; (5) holistic risk management using systems of systems failures methodology; and (6) systemic accident and mishap analysis
Systems Science for Engineers and Scholars contains a broad spectrum of insights as well as an extensive set of examples and graphics that make it ideal for professionals and students interested in a holistic, systems-oriented approach.
Table of Contents
PREFACE 10
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 12
PART 1 - FACETS OF SYSTEMS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 14
CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION TO SYSTEMS SCIENCE 15
1.1 FOREWORD 15
1.2 CRITICAL HUMANITY CHALLENGE 19
1.3 SYSTEMS SCIENCE IN BRIEF 21
1.4 EARLY SYSTEMS PIONEERS 28
1.5 RECOMMENDED BOOKS ON SYSTEMS SCIENCE 30
1.6 CRITICISM OF SYSTEMS SCIENCE 31
1.7 BIBLIOGRAPHY 34
CHAPTER 2: PRINCIPLES OF SYSTEMS SCIENCE (PART I) 36
2.1 INTRODUCTION 36
2.2 UNIVERSAL CONTEXT 36
2.3 SYSTEMS BOUNDARY 41
2.4 SYSTEMS HIERARCHY 45
2.5 SYSTEMS INTERACTIONS 49
2.6 SYSTEMS CHANGE 54
2.7 BIBLIOGRAPHY 63
CHAPTER 3: PRINCIPLES OF SYSTEMS SCIENCE (PART II) 65
3.1 INTRODUCTION 65
3.2 SYSTEMS INPUT/OUTPUT 65
3.3 SYSTEMS COMPLEXITY 70
3.4 SYSTEMS CONTROL 83
3.5 SYSTEMS EVOLUTION 86
3.6 SYSTEMS EMERGENCE 95
3.7 BIBLIOGRAPHY 99
CHAPTER 4: SYSTEMS THINKING 101
4.1 INTRODUCTION 101
4.2 HISTORY OF SYSTEMS THINKING 101
4.3 FUNDAMENTAL CONCEPTS OF SYSTEMS THINKING 102
4.4 THE ICEBERG MODEL OF SYSTEMS THINKING 104
4.5 EXPLORING SYSTEMS THINKING AS A SYSTEM 105
4.6 BARRIERS TO SYSTEMS THINKING 107
4.7 BIBLIOGRAPHY 109
CHAPTER 5: SYSTEMS ENGINEERING 110
5.1 INTRODUCTION 110
5.2 PHILOSOPHY OF ENGINEERING 110
5.3 BASIC SYSTEMS ENGINEERING CONCEPTS 119
5.4 SYSTEMS ENGINEERING DEFICIENCIES 124
5.5 BIBLIOGRAPHY 135
CHAPTER 6: COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS – TWO DOMAINS 136
6.1 INTRODUCTION 136
6.2 A CASE FOR COMPARISON 136
6.3 STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF A COMPUTER HARD DRIVE (CHD) 137
6.4 FUNCTIONAL CORRELATIONS BETWEEN CHD AND THE DHD 139
6.5 CONCLUSIONS 144
6.6 ACKNOWLEDGMENT 145
6.7 BIBLIOGRAPHY 145
PART 2 - HOLISTIC SYSTEMS DESIGN 146
CHAPTER 7: HOLISTIC SYSTEMS CONTEXT 147
7.1 INTRODUCTION 147
7.2 RETHINKING THE CONTEXT OF THE SYSTEM 147
7.3 COMPONENTS OF SYSTEMS' CONTEXT 148
7.4 BIBLIOGRAPHY 152
CHAPTER 8: EXAMPLE - UAV SYSTEM OF INTEREST (SOI) 154
8.1 INTRODUCTION 154
8.2 EXAMPLE - UAV SYSTEM 154
8.3 BIBLIOGRAPHY 163
CHAPTER 9: EXAMPLE - UAV CONTEXT (PART I) 164
9.1 INTRODUCTION 164
9.2 UAV CONTEXT - NATURAL SYSTEMS 164
9.3 UAV CONTEXT - SOCIAL SYSTEMS 167
9.4 UAV CONTEXT - RESEARCHAPTER SYSTEMS 168
9.5 UAV CONTEXT - FORMATION SYSTEMS 173
9.6 UAV CONTEXT - SUSTAINMENT SYSTEMS 176
9.7 UAV CONTEXT - BUSINESS SYSTEMS 178
9.8 UAV CONTEXT - COMMERCIAL SYSTEMS 180
9.9 BIBLIOGRAPHY 186
CHAPTER 10: EXAMPLE - UAV CONTEXT (PART II) 188
10.1 INTRODUCTION 188
10.2 UAV CONTEXT - FINANCIAL SYSTEMS 188
10.3 UAV CONTEXT - POLITICAL SYSTEMS 191
10.4 UAV CONTEXT - LEGAL SYSTEMS 194
10.5 UAV CONTEXT - CULTURAL SYSTEMS 196
10.6 UAV CONTEXT - BIOSPHERE SYSTEMS 202
10.7 BIBLIOGRAPHY 203
PART 3 - GLOBAL ENVIRONMENT AND ENERGY - CRISIS AND ACTION PLAN 205
CHAPTER 11: GLOBAL ENVIRONMENT CRISES 206
11.1 INTRODUCTION 206
11.2 CLIMATE CHANGE 208
11.3 BIODIVERSITY LOSS 216
11.4 BIBLIOGRAPHY 227
CHAPTER 12: SYSTEMIC ENVIRONMENT ACTION PLAN 229
12.1 INTRODUCTION 229
12.2 SUSTAINING THE EARTH'S ENVIRONMENT 229
12.3 SUSTAINING HUMAN SOCIETY 238
12.4 BIBLIOGRAPHY 247
CHAPTER 13: GLOBAL ENERGY CRISIS 248
13.1 INTRODUCTION 248
13.2 CURRENT GLOBAL ENERGY STATUS 248
13.3 ENERGY RETURN ON INVESTMENT (EROI) 250
13.4 RENEWABLE ENERGY 253
13.5 FOSSIL FUELS ENERGY 258
13.6 CONVENTIONAL FISSION REACTION ENERGY 259
13.7 BIBLIOGRAPHY 261
CHAPTER 14: SYSTEMIC ENERGY ACTION PLAN 262
14.1 THE GLOBAL ENERGY DILEMMA 262
14.2 RENEWABLE ENERGY – ACTION PLAN 262
14.3 FOSSIL FUELS ENERGY – ACTION PLAN 263
14.4 CARS AND TRUCKS ACTION PLAN 264
14.5 FISSION REACTION ENERGY – ACTION PLAN 264
14.6 SMALL MODULAR REACTORS (SMRS) ACTION PLAN 265
14.7 FUSION NUCLEAR ENERGY ACTION PLAN 269
14.8 BIBLIOGRAPHY 273
PART 4 - MORE SYSTEMS SCIENCE FOR ENGINEERS AND SCHOLARS 274
CHAPTER 15: ENGINEERING AND SYSTEMIC PSYCHOLOGY 275
15.1 INTRODUCTION 275
15.2 SCHEMA THEORY 275
15.3 COGNITIVE BIASES 276
15.4 SYSTEMS FAILURES 279
15.5 COGNITIVE DEBIASING 285
15.6 BIBLIOGRAPHY 288
CHAPTER 16: DELIVERING VALUE AND RESOLVING CONFLICTS 289
16.1 INTRODUCTION 289
16.2 DELIVERING SYSTEMS VALUE 289
16.3 CONFLICT ANALYSIS AND RESOLUTION 294
16.4 BIBLIOGRAPHY 299
CHAPTER 17: MULTI-OBJECTIVE MULTI-AGENT DECISION MAKING 300
17.1 INTRODUCTION 300
17.2 UTILITY-BASED REWARDS 300
17.3 REPRESENTATION OF THE DECISION PROCESS 301
17.4 KEY TYPES OF DECISION PROCESSES 302
17.5 EXAMPLE-1 - WOLVES AND SHEEP PREDATION 305
17.6 EXAMPLE-2 - COOPERATIVE TARGET OBSERVATION 308
17.7 EXAMPLE-3 - SEAPORT LOGISTICS 310
17.8 BIBLIOGRAPHY 313
CHAPTER 18: SYSTEMS ENGINEERING USING CATEGORY THEORY 315
18.1 INTRODUCTION 315
18.2 THE PROBLEM OF MULTIDISCIPLINARY, COLLABORATIVE DESIGN 315
18.3 BRIEF BACKGROUND ON CATEGORY THEORY AND SYSTEMS ENGINEERING 316
18.4 EXAMPLE - DESIGNING AN ELECTRIC VEHICLE 317
18.5 CATEGORY THEORY (CT) AS A SYSTEM SPECIFICATION LANGUAGE 322
18.6 CATEGORICAL MULTIDISCIPLINARY COLLABORATIVE DESIGN (C-MCD) 329
18.7 THE C-MCD CATEGORIES 331
18.8 THE CATEGORICAL DESIGN PROCESS 339
18.9 CONCLUSION 340
18.10 ACKNOWLEDGMENT 340
18.11 BIBLIOGRAPHY 340
CHAPTER 19: HOLISTIC RISK MANAGEMENT USING SOSF METHODOLOGY 342
19.1 INTRODUCTION 342
19.2 LIMITATIONS OF CURRENT RISK MANAGEMENT PRACTICES 342
19.3 FEATURES OF SYSTEMS OF SYSTEMS FAILURES (SOSF) 343
19.4 EXAMPLE-1 - HOLISTIC RISK MANAGEMENT AND FAILURE CLASSES 347
19.5 EXAMPLE-2 – SYNTHETIC SOSF RISK MANAGEMENT 354
19.6 CONCLUSION 358
19.7 ACKNOWLEDGMENT 358
19.8 BIBLIOGRAPHY 358
CHAPTER 20: SYSTEMIC ACCIDENTS AND MISHAPS ANALYSES 360
20.1 INTRODUCTION TO ACCIDENT CAUSATION MODELS 360
20.2 BASIC ACCIDENTS AND MISHAPS CONCEPTS 360
20.3 CLASSIFICATION OF INCIDENT CAUSATION MODELS 361
20.4 SYSTEMS THEORETIC ACCIDENT MODEL AND PROCESS (STAMP) 362
20.5 CAUSAL ANALYSIS SYSTEM THEORY (CAST) 365
20.6 CAST PROCEDURE 366
20.7 CAST EXAMPLE - CH-53 HELICOPTERS MID-AIR COLLISION 367
20.8 BIBLIOGRAPHY 374
APPENDIX-A: DISTINGUISHED SYSTEMS SCIENCE RESEARCHERS 376
APPENDIX-B: DISTINGUISHED SYSTEMS THINKING RESEARCHERS 378
APPENDIX-C: PERMISSIONS TO USE THIRD-PARTY COPYRIGHT MATERIAL 380
APPENDIX-D: LIST OF ACRONYMS 392
INDEX 398
