戦争と殺人は人類の本能なのか：チンパンジーの行動科学と論争 Chimpanzees, War, and History : Are Men Born to Kill?

著者名：Ferguson, R. Brian

Oxford University Press（2023/06/05発売）

• 言語：ENG
• ISBN：9780197506752
• eISBN：9780197506776

Description

The question of whether men are predisposed to war runs hot in contemporary scholarship and online discussion. Within this debate, chimpanzee behavior is often cited to explain humans' propensity for violence; the claim is that male chimpanzees kill outsiders because they are evolutionarily inclined, suggesting to some that people are too. The longstanding critique that killing is instead due to human disturbance has been pronounced dead and buried. In Chimpanzees, War, and History, R. Brian Ferguson challenges this consensus.By historically contextualizing every reported chimpanzee killing, Ferguson offers and empirically substantiates two hypotheses. Primarily, he provides detailed demonstration of the connection between human impact and intergroup killing of adult chimpanzees. Secondarily, he argues that killings within social groups reflect status conflicts, display violence against defenseless individuals, and payback killings of fallen status bullies. Ferguson also explains broad chimpanzee-bonobo differences in violence through constructed and transmitted social organizations consistent with new perspectives in evolutionary theory. He deconstructs efforts to illuminate human warfare via chimpanzee analogy, and provides an alternative anthropological theory grounded in Pan-human contrasts that is applicable to different types of warfare. Bringing readers on a journey through theoretical struggle and clashing ideas about chimpanzees, bonobos, and evolution, Ferguson opens new ground on the age-old question--are men born to kill?

Table of Contents

List of IllustrationsPrefaceAcknowledgmentsPart I: Controversies Chapter 1: From Nice to BrutalChapter 2: The Second GenerationChapter 3: Theoretical AlternativesPart II: Gombe Chapter 4: From Peace to "War"Chapter 5: Contextualizing ViolenceChapter 6: Explaining the War and Its AftermathChapter 7: The Postwar EraChapter 8: Interpreting Gombe ViolencePart III: Mahale Chapter 9: Mahale: What Happened to K Group?Chapter 10: Mahale HistoryPart IV: Kibale Chapter 11: KibaleChapter 12: Ngogo Territorial ConflictChapter 13: Scale and Geopolitics at NgogoChapter 14: The Ngogo Expansion, RCH + HIHChapter 15: KanyawaraPart V: Budongo Chapter 16: Budongo, Early ResearchChapter 17: SonsoPart VI: Eleven Smaller Cases Chapter 18: Eastern Chimpanzees, Pan troglodytes schweinfurthiiChapter 19: Central Chimpanzees, Pan troglodytes troglodytesChapter 20: Western Chimpanzees, Pan troglodytes verusPart VII: TaiChapter 21: Tai and Its AfflictionsChapter 22: Sociality and Intergroup RelationsChapter 23: Killings and ExplanationsPart VIII: Bonobos Chapter 24: Pan paniscusChapter 25: Social Organization and Why Male Bonobos Are Less ViolentChapter 26: Evolutionary Scenarios and SpeculationsPart IX: Adaptive Strategies, Human Impact, and Deadly Violence: Theory and Evidence Chapter 27: Killing InfantsChapter 28: The Case for Evolved Adaptations, by the EvidenceChapter 29: Human Impact, Critiqued and DocumentedPart X: Human War Chapter 30: The Demonic Perspective Meets Human WarfareChapter 31: Toward a General Theory of WarChapter 32: ApplicationsTablesReferencesIndex