Extractive Metallurgy of Titanium : Conventional and Recent Advances in Extraction and Production of Titanium Metal

著者名：Fang, Zhigang Zak (EDT)/Froes, Francis (EDT)/Zhang, Ying (EDT)

Elsevier（2019/11/08発売）

• 言語：ENG
• ISBN：9780128172001
• eISBN：9780128172018

Description

Extractive Metallurgy of Titanium: Conventional and Recent Advances in Extraction and Production of Titanium Metal contains information on current and developing processes for the production of titanium. The methods for producing Ti metal are grouped into two categories, including the reduction of TiCl4 and the reduction of TiO2, with their processes classified as either electrochemical or thermochemical. Descriptions of each method or process include both the fundamental principles of the method and the engineering challenges in their practice. In addition, a review of the chemical and physical characteristics of the product produced by each method is included.Sections cover the purity of titanium metal produced based on ASTM and other industry standards, energy consumption, cost and the potential environmental impacts of the processes.- Provides information on new and developing low cost, high integrity methods for titanium metal production- Discusses new markets for titanium due to the decreased cost of newly developed processes- Covers specific information on new methods, including the chemical and physical characteristics produced

Table of Contents

ContentsContributors xi1. Introduction to the development of processes for primaryTi metal production 1Zhigang Zak Fang, Hyrum D. Lefler, F.H. Froes, and Ying ZhangReferences 8Part 1 Extractive chemical metallurgy processes 112. A brief introduction to production of titanium dioxideand titanium tetrachloride 13Michael L. Free1. Background 132. Ore sources 133. Processing methods 14References 173. Minerals, slags, and other feedstock for the productionof titanium metal 19Dimitrios Filippou and Guillaume Hudon1. Introduction 192. Ilmenite, rutile, and other natural titanium minerals 213. Ilmenite smelting to titania slag 264. Ilmenite conversion to synthetic rutile 325. Titania slag upgrading to UGS 366. Production of titanium carbide feedstock 377. Conclusions 38Acknowledgments 41References 414. Chemical processes for the production of titanium tetrachlorideas precursor of titanium metal 47Guillaume Hudon and Dimitrios Filippou1. Introduction 472. Titanium tetrachloride 473. Production of titanium tetrachloride 494. Titanium tetrachloride purification 555. Production of pure titanium dioxide 566. Other precursors 59Acknowledgments 60References 60Part 2 Thermochemical reduction of TiCl4 635. Fundamentals of thermochemical reduction of TiCl4 65Toru H. Okabe and Osamu Takeda1. Historical developments in titanium metal production 652. Kroll process 663. Hunter process 714. Fundamentals of titanium reduction process 755. Electrochemical reactions during thermochemical reduction 786. Reduction mechanism of TiCl4 during the Kroll process 817. Past research for new titanium production processes 838. Summary 90References 926. The Kroll process and production of titanium sponge 97Matthew R. Earlam1. Introduction 972. Source of ore 993. Production of TiCl4 1004. Purification of TiCl4 1015. The Hunter process 1026. Armstrong process 1037. Kroll process 1038. Magnesium reduced acid leach (MRAL) (no longer practiced) 1049. Vacuum distillation process TOHO timet 10710. Preparation for melting 110References 1117. A modified Kroll process via production of TiH2 - thermochemicalreductions of TiCl4 using hydrogen and Mg 113Mykhailo Matviychuk, Andrey Klevtsov, and Vladimir S. Moxson1. Introduction 1132. Process description 1143. Experimental results 1204. Role of hydrogen for ADMA process 122References 127Further reading 128Part 3 Thermochemical reduction of TiO2 1298. Metallothermic reduction of TiO2 131Toru H. Okabe1. Introduction 1312. Studies on reduction of titanium oxide before 2000 1343. Studies on reduction of titanium oxide after 2000 1434. Future prospects of metallothermic reduction processes for directproduction of titanium from oxides 1555. Summary 159References 1609. Hydrogen assisted magnesiothermic reduction (HAMR) ofTiO2 to produce titanium metal powder 165Yang Xia, Hyrum D. Lefler, Ying Zhang, Pei Sun, and Zhigang Zak Fang1. Introduction 1652. Fundamentals of the HAMR process 1673. HAMR process description 1724. HAMR product characterization 1735. Summary 176Acknowledgments 176References 17710. Deoxygenation of Ti metal 181Ying Zhang, Zhigang Zak Fang, Pei Sun, Yang Xia, Hyrum D. Lefler,and Shili Zheng1. Introduction 1812. Thermodynamic properties of the TieO solid solutions 1823. Methods of deoxygenation 1864. Concluding remarks 206A. Appendix 207Acknowledgments 220References 220Part 4 Electrochemical reduction of TiO2 and TiOC 22511. Invention and fundamentals of the FFC Cambridge Process 227George Z. Chen and Derek J. Fray1. Background: how the concept of electro-deoxidation came about 2272. Understanding of electro-deoxidation: interactions of the oxide cathodewith molten salts 2303. Understanding of electro-deoxidation: metal/insulator/electrolyte 3PImodels 2354. Understanding of electro-deoxidation: the metal-to-oxide molar volumeratio 2365.