Description
Polyurethanes in Biomedical Applications studies the use of polyurethanes in implanted medical devices. This analysis describes the concepts of polymer science, the manufacture of polyurethanes, and the biological responses to implant polyurethanes, reflecting the developments in biomaterials science and the interdisciplinary nature of bioengineering.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Biomaterials
Biocompatibility
Biomedical Polymers
Organization
References
The Chemistry of Polyurethane Copolymers
Introduction
History of Polyurethane Copolymers
Polyurethane Copolymers
Synthesis of Polyurethanes
Isocyanate Chemistry
Allophanate Reaction
Biuret Formation
Acylurea
Isocyanurate Formation
Uretidione Formation
Carbodiimide Formation
Catalysts
Synthesis Media
Raw Materials in Polyurethane Copolymer Synthesis
Isocyanates
Polyols
Chain Extenders
Linear Polyurethane Elastomer Synthesis
Cross-Linked Polyurethane Copolymers
Polyurethane Modification
Bulk Modification of Polyurethanes
Surface Modification of Polyurethanes
Summary
References
Polyurethane Processing and Survey of Biomedical Polyurethanes
Introduction
Processing of Polyurethanes
One-Dimensional Processes
Two-Dimensional Processes
Three-Dimensional Processes
Sterilization
Steam Sterilization
Ethylene Oxide Sterilization
Radiation
Commercial and Experimental Polyurethanes
References
Bulk Characterization and Structure-Property Relationships of Polyurethanes
Introduction
States of Order and Thermal Transitions of Polymers
Intermolecular Bonding in Polymers
Mechanical Behavior
Molecular Weight
Structure of Polyurethanes
Microphase Separation
Morphological Models of Block Copolymers
Molecular Orientation in Polyurethanes
Hydrogen Bonding
Cross-Linking
The Effect of Polyurethane Chemistry on Physical Properties
Characterization of Polyurethanes
Gel Permeation Chromatography
Infrared Spectroscopy
Differential Scanning Calorimetry
Dynamic Mechanical Thermal Analysis
Electron Microscopy
Stress-Strain Properties and Ultimate Tensile Strength
Solubility Tests
Permeability and Extractability
Electrical Properties
Summary
References
Surface Characterization of Polyurethanes
Introduction
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