Description
The second edition of Neurobiology of Disease includes nearly 200 articles surveying all major disorders of the nervous system in both adults and children, focusing on relevant diagnosis and treatments from the perspective of cutting edge clinical and basic neurobiological research.Akin to an encyclopedia of every neurologic disorder, this comprehensive work is ideal for graduate and medical school students, residents, and candidates preparing for their board certification examinations. Each chapter is illustrated with detailed figures, supplemented with descriptive and diagnostic tables, and thoroughly referenced for further investigations.The book's editors, Michael V. Johnston, Harold P. Adams Jr., and Ali Fatemi bring their unique expertise in clinical and research neurology to the overall scope of this work. To further enhance the scope and quality of this new edition, the following Section Editors provided oversight of their respective sections:· Movement Disorders-Joel Perlmutter, Washington University· Dementias-David Knopman, Mayo Clinic· Motorneuron Diseases-Merit Cudkowicz, Massachusetts General Hospital· Paroxysmal Disorders-Solomon Moshe, Albert Einstein College of Medicine· Pediatric Neurology and Developmental Disorders-Tanjala Gipson and Deepa Menon, Kennedy Krieger Institute and Johns Hopkins University· Neuroimmunological Diseases-Carlos Pardo-Villamizar, Johns Hopkins University· Cerebrovascular Diseases-Harold P. Adams Jr., University of Iowa· Peripheral and Autonomic Nervous System Disorders and Pain-Nicholas Maragakis, Johns Hopkins University· Neoplastic and Paraneoplastic Diseases-Lisa DeAngelis, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center· Infectious Diseases of the Nervous System-Karen L. Roos, Indiana University· Sleep Disturbances-Mark Dyken, University of Iowa· Substance Abuse and Toxicology Disorders-Barry E. Kosofsky, Weill-Cornell University Medical Center· Neurologic Manifestations of Medical Disorders-John C. Probasco, Johns Hopkins University
Table of Contents
SECTION I: Movement Disorders (Joel Perlmutter, Washington University)1. History of ParkinsonismMichael Silver, MD and Stewart A. Factor, DO2. Parkinson Disease: Pathophysiology, Clinical Manifestations and Course including Diagnosis and Differential DiagnosisMichael J. Soileau, MD and Kelvin L. Chou, MD3. Parkinson Disease: Treatment, Current Clinical TrialsThien Thien Lim, MD and Hubert H. Fernandez, MD4. Parkinson Syndromes: Multiple System AtrophyMelvin W. Kong, MD and Ejaz A. Shamim MD, MS5. Parkinson Syndromes: Progressive Supranuclear PalsyVikas Kotagal, MD, MS and Praveen Dayalu, MD6. Parkinson Syndromes: Corticobasal DegenerationSami Barmada, MD, PhD7. Huntington Disease: Etiology, Genetics, and Clinical ManifestationsRoger L. Albin, MD and Henry L. Paulson, MD, PhD8. Huntington Disease: Treatment, Current Clinical TrialsCharles S. Venuto, PharmD and Karl Kieburtz, MD, MPH9. Essential TremorsArif Dalvi, MD, MBA, Kelly E. Lyons, PhD, and Rajesh Pahwa, MD10. Dystonia: History and ClassificationH. A. Jinnah, MD, Cecilia N. Prudente, MD, Samuel J. Rose, MD and Ellen J. Hess, MD11. Dystonia: Pathophysiology, Clinical Manifestations and Course Including Diagnosis, and Differential Diagnosis, Treatment, Current Clinical TrialsJeri Yvonne Williams, MD and David G. Standaert, MD, PhD12. Paroxysmal DyskinesiasOlga Waln, MD and Joseph Jankovic, MD.13. The Expanded Polyglutamine Tract Spinocerebellar AtaxiasElsdon Storey, MD14. Ataxias: Autosomal Recessive and other AtaxiasVikram G. Shakkottai, MD, PhDSECTION II: Dementias (David Knopman, Mayo Clinic)15. Alzheimer's Disease: Pathology and PathogenesisBradley T Hyman, MD, Beatriz G Perez-Nievas, MD, Isabel Barroeta-Espar, MD, Alberto Serrano-Pozo, MD, Matthew Frosch, MD, and Teresa Gomez-Isla, MD16. Alzheimer's Disease: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic/Differential DiagnosisMichael S. Rafii, MD, PhD17. Alzheimer's Disease: Management and TreatmentGregory A. Jicha, MD, PhD and Frederick A. Schmitt, PhD18. Frontotemporal DegenerationsJonathan Graff-Radford, MD, and Keith A. Josephs, MD, MST, MSc19. Diagnosis and Therapy for Lewy Body DementiaBela R. Turk, MD and Ali Fatemi, MD20. Pathogenesis of Lewy Body DementiaJagan A. Pillai, MD, PhD and James B. Leverenz, MD21. Cerebrovascular DementiaRahul Karamchandani, MD and Nancy R. Barbas, MD, MSWSECTION III: Motorneuron Diseases (Merit Cudkowicz, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard University)22. Types of MNDSNimish Thakore, MD and Erik P. Pioro, MD, PhD23. Clinical Presentations, Diagnostic Criteria, Lab TestingNimish Thakore, MD and Erik P. Pioro, MD, PhD24. Symptomatic CareMatthew Gladman, MD and Lorne Zinman, MD, MSc25. ALS: EpidemiologyÉilis J. O'Reilly, ScD26. ALS: PathogenesisLaura Ferraiuolo, MD and Stephen J. Kolb, MD27. ALS: Insights from GeneticsMatthew B. Harms, MD and Timothy M. Miller, MD, PhD28. ALS: In Vitro and In Vivo Disease ModelsBrian J. Wainger, MD, PhD29. ALS PathologyBrent T. Harris, MD, PhD, Galam A. Khan, MD, and Saed Sadeghi, MD30. ALS: Clinical Trials Past Reflections Informing New DirectionsKatharine A. Nicholson, MD and James D. Berry, MD31. Upper Motor Neuron Disorders: Hereditary Spastic Paraplegia and Primary Lateral SclerosisJohn K. Fink, MD32. UMN Disorders (HSP and PLS): Pathogenesis, Insights from Genetics, In Vitro and In Vivo Disease Models, Pathology and Clinical TrialsSabrina Paganoni, MD, PhD and Nazem Atassi, MD, MMSc33. SMA: PathogenesisUmrao R. Monani, PhD and Darryl C. De Vivo, MD34. SMA: Insights from GeneticsArthur H.M. Burghes, MD and Vicki L. McGovern, MD35. SMA: In Vitro and In Vivo Models of Spinal Muscular AtrophyW. David Arnold, MD and Arthur H.M. Burghes, MDSECTION IV: Paroxysmal Disorders (Solomon Moshe, Albert Einstein College of Medicine)36. Biological Basis of Primary Generalized Epilepsies-GeneticsCarla Marini, MD and Renzo Guerrini, MD37. Biological Basis of Primary Generalized Epilepsies - PathophysiologyMark W. Youngblood, MD and Hal Blumenfeld, MD38. Temporal Lobe EpilepsyEdward H. Bertram, MD39. Focal Cortical DysplasiasAli Mahta, MD and Peter B. Crino, MD, PhD40. Biological Bases of Symptomatic Generalized Epilepsies in ChildrenDragos A. Nita, MD, Miguel A. Cortez, MD, Jose Luis Perez Velazquez, MD, and O. Carter Snead 3rd, MD41. Epilepsies that Occur Predominantly in GirlsLynette G Sadleir, MD, Jozef Gecz, MD, and Ingrid E Scheffer, MD42. Epidemiology of Epilepsy: Incidence, Prevalence, and Risk FactorsDale C Hesdorffer, PhD, MPH43. Clinical Presentation, Diagnosis, and Course- Epilepsy Syndromes with Focal SeizuresAlex Boro, MD and Jerome Engel, Jr., MD44. Medical Management of EpilepsyJules C. Beal, MD and Emilio Perucca, MD45. Neuroimaging in EpilepsyWilliam A. Gomes, MD, PhD47. Alternative Therapies for Epilepsy: Dietary TreatmentsCarl E. Stafstrom, MD, PhD48. Migraine and Other Headache DisordersRobert W. Charlson, MD and Matthew S. Robbins, MD49. Neurobiology of MigraineVictor Rosenfeld, MD and John Stern, MDSECTION V: Pediatric Neurology and Developmental Disorders (Tanjala Gipson and Deepa Menon, Kennedy Krieger Institute and Johns Hopkins University)50. Autism and Intellectual Disabilities: Overview of Autism and Intellectual DisabilitiesTanjala T. Gipson, MD and Michael V. Johnston, MD51. Tuberous Sclerosis Complex: Pediatric AspectsTanjala T. Gipson, MD, Andrea Poretti, MD, Rebecca McClellan, MGC, CGC, and Michael V. Johnston, MD52. Neurofibromatosis Type 1David S. Wolf, MD, PhD53. Neurobiology of Autism and Intellectual Disability: Fragile X SyndromeDejan B. Budimirovic, MD and Megha Subramanian, BA54. Autism and Intellectual Disabilities: PTEN Gene mutationDeepa U. Menon, MBBS, MD55. Rett SyndromeC.L. Smith-Hicks, MD and SakkuBai Naidu, MD56. Angelman SyndromeKristin W. Barañano, MD, PhD57. Down SyndromeGeorge T. Capone, MD58. Coffin-Lowry SyndromeMichael V. Johnston, MD59. Congenital HypothyroidismMary Lee Gregory, MD, PhD60. Pediatric Neurotransmitter DisordersPhillip L. Pearl, MD and William P. Welch, MD61. Attention Deficit-Hyperactivity DisorderMihee J. Bay, MD and Bruce K. Shapiro, MD62. Diseases of Mitochondrial Energy MetabolismJacqueline Weissman, MD, MS and Lisa Emrick, MD63. Genetic Metabolic Disorders: MethylmalonicAciduriaSiddharth Srivastava, MD and Jeffrey Chinsky, MD PhD64. The Urea Cycle DisordersAndrea L. Gropman, MD, Belen Pappa, MD, and Nicholas Ah Mew, MD65. PhenylketonuriaHilary Vernon, MD, PhD66. Cerebral Creatine Deficiency DisordersPeter W. Schutz, MD and Sylvia Stockler, MD67. Congenial Disorders of GlycosylationMarc C. Patterson, MD, FRACP68. Glutaric Aciduria Type IHilary Vernon, MD, PhD69. Lysosomal Storage DisrodersGustavo H.B. Maegawa, MD, PhD, FACMG70. Peroxisomal DisordersGerald V. Raymond, MD, Mohamed Y. Jefri, MD, Kristin W. Baranano, MD, and Ali Fatemi, MD71. LeukodystrophiesUlrike Schrifl, MD, SakkuBai Naidu, MD, and Ali Fatemi, MD72. Cerebral PalsyJoan M. Jasien, MD, Bruce K. Shapiro, MD and Alexander H. Hoon, Jr., MD73. Neonatal Brain InjuriesKatharina Goeral, MD, Ali Fatemi, MD, and Michael V. Johnston, MD74. The Neurobiology of Encephalopathy of PrematurityGwendolyn J. Gerner, MD and Vera Joanna Burton, MD75. Epilepsy Syndromes in ChildhoodVerena Staedtke, MD and Eric H. Kossoff, MD76. Migraine and Headaches in ChildrenJessica Klein, MD and Christopher Oakley, MD77. Congenital HydrocephalusVera Joanna Burton, MD and Edward Ahn, MD78. Spina Bifida and Related ConditionsStephen L. Kinsman, MD79. Smith-Lemli-Opitz SyndromeRyan W. Lee, MD80. Sickle Cell AnemiaEboni I. Lance, MDSECTION VI: Neuroimmunological Diseases (Carlos Pardo-Villamizar, Johns Hopkins University)81. The Epidemiology of Multiple Sclerosis: An Historical PerspectiveKassandra L. Munger, ScD82. Multiple Sclerosis: PathologyBogdan Florin Gh. Popescu, MD, Yong Guo, MD, and Claudia Francesca Lucchinetti, MD83. Multiple Sclerosis: MRI and Other Imaging Approaches in MSMartina Absinta, MD and Daniel S. Reich, MD, PhD84. Multiple Sclerosis: White Matter vs Grey Matter Involvment (The Cause of Disability in MS)Massimo Filippi, MD, and Maria A. Rocca, MD.85. Multiple Sclerosis: Monitoring disease activity and progressionPavan Bhargava, MD and Shiv Saidha, MBBCh, MD, MRCPI86. Symptomatic Treatment of Multiple SclerosisKathleen Costello, RN, BSN, MS87. Exercise and Multiple SclerosisJeffrey R Hebert, PT, PhD88. Multiple Sclerosis: Disease Modifying TherapiesPavan Bhargava, MD and Peter A. Calabresi, MD89. Neuromyelitis OpticaTeri L. Schreiner, MD, MPH and Jeffrey L. Bennett, MD, PhD90. Acute Disseminated EncephalomyelitisBenjamin M. Greenberg, MD, MHS and Allen Desena, MD93. Paraneoplastic Neurological DisordersJohn C. Probasco, MD94. Anti-N-Methyl-D-Aspartate Receptor (NMDAR) EncephalitisElizabeth M. Wells, MD, MHS95. Other Proven and Putative Autoimmune Disorders of the CNS: Anti-GAD Associated Neurological Disorders; Stiff-Person syndrome, Cerebellar Ataxia, Progressive Encephalopathy with Rigidity and Myoclonus (PERM), and Encephalitis.Scott D. Newsome, DO96. Other Proven and Putative Autoimmune Disorders of the CNS: Hashimoto's EncephalopathyEoin P. Flanagan, MBBCh and Richard J. Caselli, MD97. Other Proven and Putative Autoimmune Disorders of the CNS: Neuro-Bechet's SyndromeAfshin Borhani Haghighi M.D and Bernadette Kalman, MD, PhD, DSc98. Post-Streptococcal Movement DisordersDavide Martino, MD and Gavin Giovannoni, MD99. Rasmussen EncephalitisJan Bauer, MD and Christian G. Bien, MD100. Autoimmune EncephalitisAndrew McKeon, MD101. Other Proven and Putative Autoimmune Disorders of the PNS: Myasthenia gravisDoris G. Leung, MD102. Vasculitis of the central nervous systemChristian Pagnoux, MD and Richard H. Swartz, MDSECTION VII: Cerebrovascular Diseases (Harold Adams, University of Iowa)103. Stroke Epidemiology and Impact: Mortality, Incidence, Prevalence, Stroke Subtypes, Sex, Race/Ethnicity, Geography U.S. and WorldVirginia J Howard, PhD104. Acute Ischemic StrokeHarold P. Adams, Jr., MD105. Neuroimaging of Acute StrokeChelsea S. Kidwell, MD and Kambiz Nael, MD106. Common Risk Factors and Medical Prevention TherapiesGeorge Khouri, MD, Shelly Ozark, MD, and Bruce Ovbiagele, MD, MSc, MAS107. Surgical and Radiologic Intervention for Prevention of Ischemic StrokeAndrew Ringer, MD108. Unusual Causes of StrokeEnrique C. Leira, MD, MS109. Pediatric StrokeMelissa Chung, MD and Warren Lo, MD110. Vascular Biology of Cerebral IschemiaJason A. Ellis, MD and E. Sander Connolly, Jr., MD111. Intracerebral HemorrhageCraig Anderson, MD112. Subarachnoid HemorrhageDavid Hasan, MD113. Genetics of Cerebral Ischemia including Genetic SyndromesAndrea Porretti, MD and Michael V. Johnston, MD114. Molecular Targets of Cerebral IschemiaRyan J. Felling, MD, PhD115. Sturge-Weber Syndrome and related Cerebrovascular Malformation Syndromes.Angela Quain, MS and Anne M. Comi, MDSECTION VIII: Peripheral and Autonomic Nervous System Disorders and Pain (Nicholas Maragakis, Johns Hopkins University)116. Neuropathies Associated with Infection or Toxic ExposureDoris Leung, MD117. Mechanisms Contributing to the Development and Progression of Diabetic PolyneuropathyLucy M. Hinder, PhD, Kelli A. Sullivan, PhD, Stacey A. Sakowski, PhD, and Eva L. Feldman, MD, PhD118. Diabetic and PreDiabetic NeuropathyLindsay Zilliox, MD and James W. Russell, MD, MS, FRCP119. Anatomy, Localization, and Pattern Recognition of Peripheral NeuropathyNoah Kolb, MD and A. Gordon Smith, MD120. Drug Discovery of Neuropathic PainBrian J. Wainger, MD, PhD121. Neuropathies, AutonomicPhillip A. Low, MD122. Animal Models of Peripheral Neuropathy and Neuropathic PainKatelyn Donaldson, MD and Ahmet Höke, MD, PhD123. Diagnostic Tests and Clinical Scales for Peripheral NeuropathyJohn D. Markman, MD124. Complex Regional Pain SyndromeFrank S. Pidcock, MD125. Entrapment NeuropathiesJames W. Teener, MD126. Demyelinating NeuropathiesJohn A. Goodfellow, MD, Amy I. Davidson, MD, and Hugh J. Willison, MD127. Immune Mediated NeuropathiesJohn A. Goodfellow, MD, Amy I. Davidson, MD, and Hugh J. Willison, MD128. Radiculopathy and PlexopathyMichael Wheaton, MD, Dustin Nowacek, MD, and Zachary London, MDSECTION IX: Neoplastic and Paraneoplastic Diseases (Lisa DeAngelis, Memorial Slaon-Kettering Cancer Center)129. Infiltrative Astrocytomas: WHO grade II - Diffuse Astrocytoma; WHO grade III - Anaplastic AstrocytomaAaron Mammoser, MD, MS130. GlioblastomasAaron Mammoser, MD, MS131. OligodendrogliomasThomas J. Kaley, MD132. Primary CNS Tumores: EpendymomasBrett J. Theeler, MD and Mark R. Gilbert, MD133. MeningiomasJennie Taylor, MD and Patrick Y. Wen, MD134. Pineal Region NeoplasmsNeil Haranhalli, MD and Jerome J. Graber, MD, MPH135. Pituitary TumorsToral R. Patel, MD and Viviane S. Tabar, MD136. Primary Central Nervous System LymphomaLisa M. DeAngelis, MD137. Familial CNS Tumor Syndromes: Neurofibromatosis Type 1Ibrahim Hussain, BA and David H. Gutmann, MD, PhD138. Familial CNS Tumor Syndromes: Neurofibromatosis Type-2Jennie W. Taylor, MD and Scott R. Plotkin, MD, PhD139. Familial CNS Tumor Syndromes: Tuberous SclerosisDarcy A. Krueger, MD, PhD140. Familial CNS Tumor Syndromes: Von Hippel-Lindau DiseaseGurvinder Kaur, MD, Leonel Ampie, MD, Joseph Weiner, MD, and Aruna Ganju, MD141. Pediatric Tumors: Pontine GliomaKristin Schroeder, MD, MPH and Oren Becher, MD142. Pediatric Tumors: MedulloblastomaKevin C De Braganca, MD and Roger J. Packer, MD143. Pediatric Tumors: Cerebellar AstrocytomaVijay Ramaswamy, MD, FRCPC, Jason T. Huse, MD, PhD, and Yasmin Khakoo, MD144. Brain MetastasesJasmin Jo, MD and David Schiff, MD145. Overview: Other Proven and Putative Autoimmune Disorders of the CNSMyrna R. Rosenfeld, MD, PhD, Maarten J. Titulaer, MD, PhD, and Josep Dalmau, MD, PhD146. Chemotherapy and Radiation TherapyMary R. Welch, MD and Craig Nolan, MDSECTION X: Infectious Diseases of the Nervous System (Karen Roos, Indiana University)147. Acute Bacterial MeningitisPratibha Singhi, MD, PhD, Naveen Sankhyan, MD, PhD, and Sunit Singhi, MD, PhD148. Cerebrospinal FluidJohn E. Greenlee, MD149. History of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection and the Nervous SystemAvindra Nath, MD150. HIV-Associated Neurocognitive DisordersJoshua Alexander, DO, MPH, David J Croteau, MD, FRCPC, and Ronald J Ellis, MD, PhD151. HIV Infection: Opportunistic Infections in HIV-Infected IndividualsWilliam Tyor, MD152. Varicella Zoster Virus Infection of the Nervous SystemDon Gilden, MD, Randall J. Cohrs, PhD, Ravi Mahalingam, PhD, and Maria A. Nagel, MD153. Brain AbcessBela R. Turk, MD, Ali Fatemi, MD, and Michael V. Johnston, MD154. Epidural Abscess and Sudural EmpyemaTyler R West, DO and Kelly J Baldwin, MD155. Spinal Epidural AbcessMinal A. Shah, MD and Rabih O. Darouiche, MD156. Transverse MyelitisIvana Vodopivec, MD, PhD and Tracey A. Cho, MD157. CNS TuberculosisAndrea T. Cruz, MD, MPH, and Jeffrey R. Starke, MD158. RabiesAlan C. Jackson, MD159. Disorders Caused by Botulinum Toxin and Tetanus ToxinCarl E. Stafstrom, MD, PhD160. Rickettsial DiseasesLisa Sun, MD and Michael V. Johnston, MD161. Ehrlichial DiseasesNicholas S. Havens, MD and William E. Roland, MD, FACP162. Nervous System Lyme DiseaseJohn J. Halperin, MD163. Congenital and Perinatal Viral InfectionsJames F. Bale, Jr., MD164. Neurologic Manifestations of HTLV-1Abelardo Q-C Araujo, MD, MSc, PhD, FAAN165. Fungal Infections of the Central Nervous SystemPratibha Singhi,MD, Karthi Nallasamy, MD, and Sunit Singhi, MD166. MalariaKiran Thakur, MD167. BabesiosisKristyn E. Feldman, MD and Joshua Biddle, MD168. Amebic EncephalitisPratibha Singhi, MD and Arushi G. Saini, MD169. PrionsJames A. Mastrianni, MD, PhD and Joshuae G. Gallardo, MD170. Neurological Complications of Infective EndocarditisJonah Grossman, MD, Tanzila Shams, MD, and Cathy Sila, MD171. Post-Infectious EncephalitisAgusto A. Miravalle, MD172. Central Nervous System Whipple DiseaseArun Venkatesan, MD, PhD173. Progressive Multifocal LeukoencephalopathyArun Swaminathan, MBBS and Joseph R. Berger, MDSECTION XI: Sleep Disturbances (Mark Dyken, University of Iowa)174. REM Sleep Behavior DisorderShannon S. Sullivan, MD175. Restless Leg Syndrome and Periodic Limb Movements in SleepJennifer Accardo, MD, MSCE176. InsomniaWilfred R. Pigeon, MD and Henry J. Orff, MD177. Sleep ApneaJennifer Accardo, MD, MSCE178. Neurobiology of Circadian Rhythm DisordersChristopher R. Jones, MD, PhDSECTION XII: Substance Abuse and Toxicological Disorders (Barry Kosofsky, Weil-Cornell University Medical Centers)179. Neurologic Manifestations of Organic ChemicalsJohn L. O'Donoghue, VMD, PhD, DABT180. Neurobiology of Drug Addiction and Clinical Aspects of Drug AbuseLeslie R. Whitaker, MD and Bruce T. Hope, MD181. Neurological Effects of Marine ToxinsKazuma Nakagawa, MD182. Fetal Alcohol SyndromeCarmen Lopez-Arvizu, MD, Carmel Bogle, MD, and Harolyn M.E. Belcher, MD, MHS183. Fetal Exposure to Tobacco and CannabisEdore C. Onigu-Otite, MD184. Neurobiology of Child Maltreatment and Psychological TraumaNikeea Copeland-Linder, PhD, MPH, Edore Onigu-Otite, MD, Jennifer Serico, PhD, Mariflor Jamora, MD, and Harolyn M.E. Belcher, MD, MHS185. Neurobiology of Intrauterine Opiate and Cocaine ExposureHarolyn M.E. Belcher, MD, MHS and Samantha Hutchison, MDSECTION XIII: Neurologic Manifestations of Medical Disorders (John Probasco, Johns Hopkins University)186. Electrolyte DisturbancesMark N. Rubin, MD and Alejandro A. Rabinstein, MD187. Nutritional DeficienciesDeanna Saylor, MD, MHS and John C. Probasco, MD188. Alcohol AbuseKillian A. Welch, MD189. Thyroid DiseaseMakoto Ishii, MD, PhD190. Parathyroid, Adrenal, Ovarian, Testicular and Pituitary DiseaseGary M. Abrams, MD191. Cardiac DiseaseRoger E. Kelley, MD192. Neurobiology of Brain Injury after Cardiac ArrestLucia Rivera-Lara, MD and Romergryko G. Geocadin, MD193. Gastrointestinal DiseaseBrian P. Bosworth, MD, Brian R. Landzberg, MD, and Elisa McEachern, MD194. Neurological Manifestations of Renal DiseaseJoshua S. Hundert, MD, Rashmi Verma, MD, Ritika Suri, MD, Anika T. Singh, MD, and Ajay Singh, MD195. Systemic Lupus ErythematosisRichard B. Rosenbaum, MD196. Neurologic Manifestations of Hematological DiseaseElham Bayat, MD
