Full Description
Adopting a unique approach, this book provides a thorough, one-stop introduction to nanoscience and self-assembly of nanomaterials composed of such materials as metals, metal oxides, metal sulphides, polymers, and biopolymers. Clearly divided into three sections covering the main aspects of nanoscience, the first part deals with the basic principles of nanoscale science. Alongside essential approaches and forces, this section also covers thermodynamics, phase transitions, and applications to biological systems. The second and third parts then go on to provide a detailed description of the synthesis of inorganic and organic nanoparticles, respectively. With its interdisciplinary content of importance to many different branches of nanoscience, this is essential reading for material scientists, physicists, biophysical chemists, chemical engineers, and biotechnologists alike.
Contents
Preface xiii Part I Nanoscale Science 1 1 Introduction 3 References 14 2 Essential Approaches and Forces 17 2.1 Top-Down Approach 17 2.2 Bottom-Up Approach 18 2.3 Aggregation of Nanoparticles 19 2.4 Smoluchowski Aggregation Kinetics 25 2.5 DLVO Theory 28 2.6 Lennard Jones Potential 30 2.7 Hydrogen Bonding 31 2.8 Hydrophobic Interactions 32 2.9 Steric Forces 34 References 35 3 Thermodynamics of Nanosystems 39 3.1 Thermodynamics at Nanoscale 40 3.2 Laws of Thermodynamics 41 3.3 Concept of Entropy 44 3.4 Gibbs Equation 45 3.5 Thermodynamic Properties 47 References 49 4 Phase Transitions and Stability at Nanoscale 51 4.1 Generalized Observations 51 4.2 Formation of Metastable Phases 52 4.3 Stability of Small Objects 58 4.4 Chemical Reactions in Nanosystems 61 References 65 5 Interactions with Biomolecules and Applications to Biology 69 5.1 Quantum Dot Protein Interaction 69 5.2 Nanoclay Protein Interaction 78 5.3 DNA Nanoclay Interaction 87 5.4 Size-Dependent Effect on Enzymatic Activity 92 5.5 Applications to Biology 95 References 96 Part II Bottom-Up Assembly of Inorganic Nanoparticles 99 6 Metal Nanoparticles 101 6.1 Gold Nanoparticles 103 6.2 Silver Nanoparticles 104 6.3 Palladium Nanoparticles 109 6.4 Platinum Nanoparticles 112 6.5 Samarium Nanoparticles 115 6.6 Copper Nanoparticles 117 6.7 Cobalt Nanoparticles 121 6.8 Nickel Nanoparticles 124 6.9 Bismuth Nanoparticles 128 6.10 Aluminum Nanoparticles 130 6.11 Lead Nanoparticles 132 References 135 7 Metal Oxide Nanoparticles 145 7.1 Alumina Nanoparticles 145 7.2 Antimony Oxide 148 7.3 Cobalt Oxide Nanoparticles 153 7.4 Copper Oxide Nanoparticles 156 7.5 Cerium Oxide 159 7.6 Indium Oxide Nanoparticles 163 7.7 Iron Oxide Nanoparticles 166 7.8 Lanthanum Oxide 171 7.9 Magnesium Oxide Nanoparticles 173 7.10 Neodymium Oxide 176 7.11 Nickel Oxide 180 7.12 Samarium Oxide 184 7.13 Silica Nanoparticles 187 7.14 Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles 192 7.15 Tin Oxide Nanoparticles 199 7.16 Zinc Oxide 204 7.17 Zirconium Nanoparticles 211 References 215 8 Metal Sulfide Nanoparticles 227 8.1 Antimony Sulfide 227 8.2 Bismuth Sulfide 229 8.3 Cadmium Sulfide 231 8.4 Copper sulfide 235 8.5 Lead Sulfide 237 8.6 Manganese Sulfide 240 8.7 Nickel Sulfide 242 8.8 Silver Sulfide 245 8.9 Tin Sulfide 247 8.10 Zinc Sulfide 250 References 253 Part III Self-Assembly of Organic Nanoparticles 259 9 Polymeric Nanoparticles 261 9.1 Polyethylene Glycol (PEG) 261 9.2 Polylactic Acid (PLA) Nanoparticles 263 9.3 PNIPAM Nanoparticles 267 9.4 Poly(D,L-lactide-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) Nanoparticles 269 9.5 Poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) 271 9.6 Polyurethane 273 9.7 Polystyrene NPs 276 9.8 Ethyl Cellulose 278 9.9 Polyacrylamide 281 9.10 Poly(vinylpyrrolidone) 283 9.11 Poly( -caprolactone) 284 9.12 Poly(vinyl alcohol) 285 References 287 10 Biopolymeric Nanoparticles 293 10.1 Albumin Nanoparticles 294 10.2 Alginate BSA Nanoparticles 296 10.3 BSA Acacia Nanoparticles 297 10.4 Chitosan Nanoparticles 298 10.5 Tripolyphosphate Chitosan Nanoparticles 299 10.6 siRNA Chitosan Nanoparticles 300 10.7 DNA Chitosan Nanoparticles 300 10.8 Gelatin Nano- and Microparticles 301 10.9 Heparin Nanoparticles 309 10.10 Heparin Chitosan Nanoparticles 310 10.11 Heparin Deoxycholic Acid Nanoparticles 311 10.12 Heparin Poly( -benzyl-L-aspartate) Nanoparticles 311 10.13 Hyaluronic Acid Nanoparticles 312 10.14 Nucleic Acid Nanoparticles 313 10.15 Pectin Nanoparticles 315 10.16 Pectin Cisplatin Nanoconjugate 316 10.17 Silk Protein Nanoparticles 317 10.18 Zein Nanoparticles 318 References 320 Index 325
