Full Description
Industrial high pressure processes open the door to many reactions that are not possible under 'normal' conditions. These are to be found
in such different areas as polymerization, catalytic reactions, separations, oil and gas recovery, food processing, biocatalysis and more.
The most famous high pressure process is the so-called Haber-Bosch process used for fertilizers and which was awarded a Nobel prize.
Following an introduction on historical development, the current state, and future trends, this timely and comprehensive publication goes on to describe different industrial processes, including methanol and other catalytic syntheses, polymerization and renewable energy processes, before covering safety and equipment issues.
With its excellent choice of industrial contributions, this handbook offers high quality information not found elsewhere, making it invaluable
reading for a broad and interdisciplinary audience.
Contents
PREFACE
PART ONE: Introduction
HISTORICAL RETROSPECT ON HIGH-PRESSURE PROCESSES
BASIC ENGINEERING ASPECTS
What are the Specifics of High-Pressure Processes?
Thermodynamic Aspects: Phase Equilibrium
Software and Data Collection
Phase Equilibrium: Experimental Methods and Measuring Devices
Interfacial Phenomena and Data
Material Properties and Transport Data for Heat and Mass Transfer
Evaporation and Condensation at High Pressures
Condensation
PART TWO: Processes
CATALYTIC AND NONCATALYTIC CHEMICAL SYNTHESIS
Thermodynamics as Driver for Selection of High Pressure
Ammonia Synthesis Process
Urea Process
General Aspects of HP Equipment
LOW-DENSITY POLYETHYLENE HIGH-PRESSURE PROCESS
Introduction
Reaction Kinetics and Thermodynamics
Process
Products and Properties
Simulation Tools and Advanced Process Control
HIGH-PRESSURE HOMOGENIZATION FOR THE PRODUCTION OF EMULSIONS
Motivation: Why High-Pressure Homogenization for Emulsification Processes?
Equipment: High-Pressure Homogenizers
Processes: Emulsification and Process Functions
Homogenization Processes Using SEM-Type Valves
Summary and Outlook
POWER PLANT PROCESSES: HIGH-PRESSURE-HIGH-TEMPERATURE PLANTS
Introduction
Coal-Fired Steam Power Plants
Steam Generator
High-Pressure Steam Turbines
Summary and Outlook
HIGH-PRESSURE APPLICATION IN ENHANCED CRUDE OIL RECOVERY
Introduction
Fundamentals
Enhanced Oil Recovery
Oil Reservoir Stimulation
Heavy Oil Recovery
Hydrates in Oil Recovery
Equipment
SUPERCRITICAL PROCESSES
Introduction
Processing of Solid Material
Processing of Liquids
Future Trends
IMPACT OF HIGH-PRESSURE ON ENZYMES
Introduction
Influence of Pressure on Biomatter
Influence of Pressure on the Kinetics of Enzyme Inactivation
Technological Aspects
Summary
HIGH PRESSURE IN RENEWABLE ENERGY PROCESSES
Introduction
Thermochemical Processes
Hydrothermal Processes
MANUFACTURING PROCESSES
Autofrettage: A High-Pressure Process to Improve Fatigue Lifetime
Waterjet Cutting Technology
PART THREE: Process Equipment and Safety
HIGH-PRESSURE COMPONENTS
Materials for High-Pressure Components
Pressure Vessels
Heat Exchangers
Valves
Piping
HIGH-PRESSURE PUMPS AND COMPRESSORS
Selection of Machinery
Influence of the Fluid on Selection and Design of the Machinery
Design Standards for High-Pressure Machines
Materials and Materials Testing
High-Pressure Centrifugal Pumps and High-Pressure Turbocompressors
Rotating Positive Displacement Machines
Reciprocating Positive Displacement Machines
HIGH-PRESSURE MEASURING DEVICES AND TEST EQUIPMENT
Introduction
Process Data Measuring -
Online
Lab Determination -
Additional Offline Test Equipment
Safety Aspects
Future
SIZING OF HIGH-PRESSURE SAFETY VALVES FOR GAS SERVICE
Standard Valve Sizing Procedure
Limits of the Standard Valve Sizing Procedure
Development of a Sizing Method for Real Gas Applications
Sizing of Safety Valves for Real Gas Flow
Summary
