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Description
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Diese Arbeit unternimmt eine systematische Rekonstruktion der Debatten, die Derrida mit Searle und Habermas über mehrere Jahrzehnte bis an die Schwelle des 21. Jahrhunderts geführt hat. Sie macht deutlich, dass die Sprach- und Verständigungstheorien seiner beiden Zeitgenossen auf Schlüssen vom kontingenten Einzelfall aufs Allgemeine beruhen. Searle schließt ontologisch, Habermas anthropo-politisch; beide Male erfolgt dies unter naturalistischen Vorzeichen. Dagegen erhebt Derrida erkenntnistheoretische Einwände und entwickelt folglich eine Metaphysik freier Subjekte, für die das Gespräch miteinander nicht unterstellt werden kann. Die explizite Hinwendung zur Ethik in Derridas Spätwerk verdankt sich so der Einsicht, dass die Möglichkeit von Sprache und Verständigung durch die des Schweigens bedingt ist. Derridas bleibendes Verdienst ist die Bereicherung der Sprachphilosophie um eine Sekretologie. Die Arbeit wurde ausgezeichnet mit dem Kant-Preis des Instituts für Philosophie der Universität Bonn und dem "Prix de la République Française", verliehen durch die Französische Botschaft und die Universität Bonn.This work undertakes a systematic reconstruction of the debates that took place over the course of several decades up to the beginning of the 21st century between Derrida on the one hand and Searle and Habermas on the other. It shows that the linguistic theories and the theories of communicative understanding developed by Searle and Habermas are based on inferences from the contingent individual case to the general. Searle draws ontological, Habermas anthropo-political conclusions, both with essentially naturalistic signatures. Derrida, on the other hand, raises epistemological objections and consequently develops a metaphysics of free subjects for whom conversation cannot necessarlily be presumed. The explicit dedication to ethics in Derrida's late work is due to his insight that the possibility of language and understanding is due to silence. Derrida's lasting merit lies in enriching the philosophy of language with a secretology. This study has been awarded the Kant Prize of the Institute of Philosophy of the University of Bonn and the "Prix de la République Française", awarded by the French Embassy and the University of Bonn.
(Text)
This work undertakes a systematic reconstruction of the debates that took place over the course of several decades up to the beginning of the 21st century between Derrida on the one hand and Searle and Habermas on the other. It shows that the linguistic theories and the theories of communicative understanding developed by Searle and Habermas are based on inferences from the contingent individual case to the general. Searle draws ontological, Habermas anthropo-political conclusions, both with essentially naturalistic signatures. Derrida, on the other hand, raises epistemological objections and consequently develops a metaphysics of free subjects for whom conversation cannot necessarlily be presumed. The explicit dedication to ethics in Derrida's late work is due to his insight that the possibility of language and understanding is due to silence. Derrida's lasting merit lies in enriching the philosophy of language with a secretology. This study has been awarded the Kant Prize of the Institute of Philosophy of the University of Bonn.
