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'The less antisemitism exists among Christians, the easier it will be to unite the social forces . . . and the sooner workers' solidarity will emerge: solidarity of all who are exploited and wronged . . . Jew, Pole, Lithuanian.' Józef Pilsudski, 1903
The Socialist ideals of brotherhood, equality, and justice have exercised a strong attraction for many Jews. On the Polish lands, Jews were drawn to Socialism when the liberal promise of integration into the emergent national entities of east and central Europe as Poles or Lithuanians or Russians of the Hebrew faith seemed to be failing. For those Jews seeking emancipation from discrimination and the constraints of a religious community, Socialism offered a tantalizing new route to integration in the wider society. Some Jews saw in Socialism a secularized version of the age-old Jewish messianic longing, while others were driven to the Socialist movement by poverty and the hope that it would supply their material needs.
But in Poland as elsewhere in Europe, Socialism failed to transcend national divisions. The articles in this volume of Polin investigate the failure of this ideal and its consequences for Jews on the Polish lands, examining Socialist attitudes to the 'Jewish question', the issue of antisemitism, how the growth of Socialism affected relationships between Poles and Jews, and the character of Jewish Socialist groups in Poland.
The result is a significant contribution to the history of Jews in Poland. It also sheds light on the history of Socialism in east-central Europe and the complexity of national problems there. Editors and contributors: Israel Bartal, Daniel Blatman, Alina Cala, Stephen D. Corrsin, David Engel, Sylvia Barack Fishman, Gershon Hundert, Ross Kessel, Shmuel Krakowski, Dov Levin, Pawel Machcewicz, Stanislaw Meducki, Erica Nadelhaft, Magdalena Opalska, Richard Pipes, Antony Polonsky, Dina Porat, Teresa Prekerowa, Michal Sliwa, Janusz Sujecki, Jerzy Tomaszewski, Barbara Wachowska.
Contents
Note on Transliteration, Names, and Place Names
Abbreviations
Introduction ANTONY POLONSKY
Part I Jews, Poles, Socialists: The Failure of an Ideal
Jewish Socialists in the Kingdom of Poland
ALINA CALA
The Jewish Problem in Polish Socialist Thought
MICHAL SLIWA
The Relation of the Polish Socialist Party: Proletariat to the Bund and the Jewish Question, 1900-1906
JANUSZ SUJECKI
The Jews, the Left, and the State Duma Elections in Warsaw in 1912: Selected Sources translated by STEPHEN D. CORRSIN
Jews and the Russian Revolution: A Note
RICHARD PIPES
The Bund in Poland, 1935-1939
DANIEL BLATMAN
Lodz Remained Red: Elections to the City Council of 27 September 1936
BARBARA WACHOWSKA
The Jews of Vilna under Soviet Rule, 19 September-28 October 1939
DOV LEVIN
The Polish Underground and the Extermination of the Jews
SHMUEL KRAKOWSKI
The Jewish Underground and the Polish Underground
TERESA PREKEROWA
The Pogrom in Kielce on 4 July 1946
STANISLAW MEDUCKI
Antisemitism in Poland in 1956
PAWEL MACHCEWICZ
Part II New Views
Dov of Bolechów: A Diarist of the Council of Four Lands in the Eighteenth Century
ISRAEL BARTAL
A Peaceable Community at Work: The Chevrah of Nasielsk
ROSS KESSEL
Zionist Pioneering Youth Movements in Poland and their Attitude to Erets Israel during
the Holocaust
DINA PORAT
Resistance through Education: Polish Zionist Youth Movements in Warsaw, 1939-1941 ERICA NADELHAFT
The Second Competition of Scholarly Works on Polish-Jewish Themes
ALINA CALA
Part III
Reviews
REVIEW ESSAY
History, Drama, and Healing: On the Television Play A i B, by Harvey Sarner
DAVID ENGEL
Inside, Outside: Interpreting Jewish Difference
SYLVIA BARACK FISHMAN
BOOK REVIEWS
BIBLIOGRAPHY OF POLISH-JEWISH STUDIES, 1993
Notes on Contributors
Notes on Translators
Glossary
Index
