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The complete guide to technologies and protocols for delivering seamless mobile Internet experiencesIn Building the MobileInternet, three leading mobility architects and implementers from Cisco present complete foundational knowledge about tomorrow's mobile Internet. The authors cover everything from market trends and user expectations to the latest technical approaches for making the Internet "mobile by design." Writing for senior technology decision-makers and network design professionals, the authors explain the relatively static nature of the Internet's original protocols and design, discuss the concept of "mobility," and identify evolving mobility requirements. Next, they thoroughly explain each of today's most promising techniques for building mobility into the Internet, from data link layer to application layer. For each layer, the authors cover mechanisms, protocols, relevant Wi-Fi and cellular architectures, and key use cases.Using this book's guidance, mobile network executives can define more effective strategies, network designers can construct more effective architectures, and network engineers can execute more successful migrations. Mark Grayson, Cisco Distinguished Consulting Engineer, leads Cisco's mobile architecture strategy. He has 20+ years of wireless experience ranging from military and satellite systems to the evolution of traditional cellular architectures and the creation of new small cell solutions. He has been granted 50+ patents. Kevin Shatzkamer, Cisco Distinguished Systems Architect, is responsible for long-term strategy and architectural evolution of Cisco mobile wireless networks. His experience ranges from 3G and LTE to security, video distribution, and QoS. He now works with both content providers and service providers to enhance the end-to-end digital media value chain for mobility. Klaas Wierenga, Senior Consulting Engineer in Cisco's Office of the CTO, has 15+ years of experience implementing diverse mobility, security, and identity solutions for enterprises, municipalities, hospitals, and universities. He created the worldwide eduroam service for federated network access in academia.* Understanding key mobility market trends: device proliferation, accelerating consumption, and radio-specific scalability problems* Reviewing the challenges that mobility presents to conventional Internet architectures* Understanding nomadicity, including authentication for users moving across networks and operators* Identifying opportunities to address mobility at the data link layer* Comparing and using network layer solutions to deliver seamless mobility and session continuity* Integrating mobility functionality into the transport/session layer* Adding mobility functionality to the application layer-including support for moving media sessions between devices* Redesigning Internet architecture to enable long-term improvements to mobilityThis book is part of the Networking Technology Series from Cisco Press (R), which offers networking professionals valuable information for constructing efficient networks, understanding new technologies, and building successful careers.
Contents
Introduction xviiPart I IntroductionChapter 1 Introduction to "Mobility" 1Mobility Market 2Consumption Trends 5Mobile Challenges 9Summary 11Endnotes 12Chapter 2 Internet "Sessions" 13The Internet and Communication 13Packet Switching Versus Circuit Switching 14IP over Everything, Everything over IP 15Addresses 16IPv4 Addresses 16IPv6 Addresses 18Routing 19Routers 19Routing Protocols 20Broadcast 20IP Multicast 20Network Address Translation 21TCP/IP Five-Layer Model 21Layer 1: The Physical Layer 23Layer 2: The Data Link Layer 23Ethernet 23ARP 24Layer 3: The Internet or IP Layer 24Layer 4: The Transport Layer 24UDP 25TCP 25Layer 5: The Application Layer 27Socket API 27DNS 28DHCP 29HTTP 29Sessions and Mobility 30Session Persistence and the Locator-Identifier Problem 30Building the Mobile Internet 31Summary 32Endnotes 32Part II Mobility ApproachesChapter 3 Nomadicity 35Authentication and Authorization 36Authentication and Authorization in LTE 36Authentication and Authorization in Wi-Fi Networks 39Captive Portals 39802.1X and EAP 39Authentication and Authorization for Internet Applications 41Federated Identity 41Federated Access in LTE 433GPP Access 43Non-3GPP Access 43Federated Access to Wi-Fi Networks 43Roaming to Other Wi-Fi Networks 44802.11u 45Example of Wi-Fi Roaming: eduroam 45Federated Access to Applications with SAML 48Location Information and Context Awareness 49Location Information in LTE 49Location Information for Wi-Fi Networks 50Privacy and Security 50Privacy and Security in LTE 51Privacy and Security in Wi-Fi Networks 51Privacy and Security in SAML 51DynDNS 52Summary 52Endnotes 53Chapter 4 Data Link Layer Mobility 55Mobility Across an Ethernet-Bridged Domain 56Interaction Between Mobility and Dynamic IP Address Allocation 57Mobility Using Wireless LAN Technology 58Fast Wireless LAN Local Mobility 59Wireless LANs and Mobility Across a Layer 3 Domain 62Interwireless LAN Controller Mobility 64GPRS Tunneling Protocol 68GPRS Tunneling Protocol 703GPP Mobility Using GTP 73Access Point Name 73PDP Context Activation 74Mobility and Context Transfer 76Proxy Mobile IPv6-Based Mobility 77IETF Network-Based Mobility 78WiMAX Mobility Using Proxy Mobile IP 79WiMAX Session Establishment 81PMIPv6-Based WiMAX Session Mobility 82PMIPv6-Based Session Termination 843GPP Mobility Using Proxy Mobile IP 84Delivering Equivalent GTP Functions with PMIPv6 85Intertechnology Handover 86Data Link Layer Solutions to Providing Mobility Across HeterogeneousAccess Networks 873GPP Generic Access Network 87Host Impacts of Data Link Layer Mobility 89Summary 90Endnotes 91Chapter 5 Network Layer Mobility 93Mobile IPv4 96Mobile IPv4 Technology Overview 97Network-Specific Terms 97Network Element-Specific Terms 98Addressing-Specific Terms 99Mobile IPv4 Operation 100Mobile IPv4 Agent Discovery 101Agent Advertisements 101Agent Solicitations 102Mobile IPv4 Registration and AAA 103Mobile IPv4 Registration 103RRQ and RRP Messages 105Authentication Extensions 108Mobile IPv4 AAA Interactions 109RADIUS Interactions 111Diameter Applications 112Mobile IPv4 Tunnels, Bindings, and Datagram Forwarding 114Tunneling and Reverse Tunneling 115Mobile IPv4 and Layer 2 Interactions 117Mobile IPv4 in Practice 1193GPP2 Implementation of Mobile IPv4 119Mobile IPv6 Technology Overview 122Mobile IPv6 Operation 123Bidirectional Tunneling Mode 123Route Optimization Mode 124Mobile IPv6 Messages and Message Formats 126Dynamic Home Agent Discovery 130Mobile IPv6 Bootstrapping 131RADIUS Support for Mobile IPv6 131Diameter Support for Mobile IPv6 134Network Mobility Basic Support Protocol 134Mobile IPv6 in Practice 135WiMAX Forum NWG Implementation of Mobile IPv6 136Dual-Stack Mobile IP 140Mobile IPv4 Extensions to Support IPv6 141Mobile IPv6 Extensions to Support IPv4 142MOBIKE Technology Overview 143IKEv2 Terminology and Processes 144IKEv2 IKE_SA_INIT 145IKEv2 IKE_AUTH 146IKEv2 Message Formats 148MOBIKE Protocol 150MOBIKE Call Flows 151Connectivity Discovery 152Network Address Translation (NAT) Traversal 153Authentication and Accounting 154MOBIKE in Practice 155Security Architecture for Non-3GPP Access to Evolved Packet System (EPS) 156Summary 159Endnotes 160Chapter 6 Transport/Session Layer Mobility 161Lower-Layer Mobility Implications to the Transport Layer 162Solving Mobility Above the Network Layer 165SCTP 166SCTP Functional Overview 167SCTP States 168Initiation 168Data Transfer 169Shutdown 173SCTP Messages 173Message Format 173Chunk Types 174SCTP Extensions 176Multipath TCP 179Resource Pooling Principle 180MPTCP Functional Architecture 181Path Management 184MPTCP Application Impacts 185MPTCP for Mobility 185MSOCKS: An Architecture for Transport Layer Mobility 186TLM Protocol 187MSOCKS Summary 189Other Transport Layer Mobility Approaches 189Migrate Internet Project 190Migratory TCP 190Session Layer Mobility Approaches 191Summary 193Endnotes 194Chapter 7 Application Mobility 195User-Centric Mobility 195Application Mobility Using the Domain Name System 197Applicability of DDNS to Interdevice and Intradevice Mobility 198Application Mobility Using the Session Initiation Protocol 199SIP and Capabilities 199SIP Methods 200SIP Message Format 201SIP Request and Status Lines 201SIP Header Fields 202SIP Message Body 203Basic SIP Mobility 204SIP Registration 204SIP Authentication 205SIP Rendezvous Service 207SIP UA Mobility Example 208SIP Session Mobility 210SIP REFER-Based Session Mobility 2103PCC-Based Basic Session Mobility 2123PCC-Based Enhanced Session Mobility 213Other Application Aspects for Supporting Mobility 214Summary 215Endnotes 216Chapter 8 Locator-Identifier Separation 219Approaches to Locator-Identifier Separation 221HIP 222Benefits and Challenges 224Locator-Identifier Separation Protocol - Mobile Node (LISP-MN) 225LISP 225LISP-MN 227Benefits and Challenges 228NAT66 229Benefits and Challenges 230Identifier-Locator Network Protocol (ILNP) 231Benefits and Challenges 232Summary 232Parting Thoughts 232Endnotes 233TOC, 9781587142437, 1/5/2011
