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Connecting Networks Course BookletYour Cisco (R) Networking Academy (R) Course Booklet is designed as a study resource you can easily read, highlight, and review on the go, wherever the Internet is not available or practical:* The text is extracted directly, word-for-word, from the online course so you can highlight important points and take notes in the "Your Chapter Notes" section.* Headings with the exact page correlations provide a quick reference to the online course for your classroom discussions and exam preparation.* An icon system directs you to the online curriculum to take full advantage of the images embedded within the Networking Academy online course interface and reminds you to perform the labs, Class Activities, interactive activities, Packet Tracer activities, chapter quizzes, and exams.The Course Booklet is a basic, economical paper-based resource to help you succeed with the Cisco Networking Academy online course.Related Titles:Connecting Networks Lab ManualBook: 978-1-58713-331-2Connecting Networks Companion GuideBook: 978-1-58713-332-9eBook: 978-0-13-347652-1CCNA Routing and Switching Practice and Study Guide Book: 978-1-58713-344-2eBook: 978-0-13-351761-3CCNA Routing and Switching Portable Command Guide Book: 978-1-58720-430-2eBook: 978-0-13-338136-8
Contents
Chapter 0 Introduction to Course 10.0 Connecting Networks 10.0.1 Message to the Student 10.0.1.1 Welcome 10.0.1.2 A Global Community 10.0.1.3 More Than Just Information 10.0.1.4 How We Teach 20.0.1.5 Practice Leads to Mastery 20.0.1.6 Mind Wide Open 20.0.1.7 Engineering Journals 20.0.1.8 Explore the World of Networking 20.0.1.9 Create Your Own Worlds 20.0.1.10 How Packet Tracer Helps Master Concepts 30.0.1.11 Course Overview 30.1.1.1 Course GUI Tutorial 3Your Chapter Notes 4Chapter 1 Hierarchical Network Design 51.0 Hierarchical Network Design 51.0.1.1 Introduction 51.0.1.2 Class Activity - Design Hierarchy 51.1 Hierarchical Network Design Overview 51.1.1 Enterprise Network Campus Design 51.1.1.1 Network Requirements 51.1.1.2 Structured Engineering Principles 61.1.2 Hierarchical Network Design 61.1.2.1 Network Hierarchy 61.1.2.2 The Access Layer 71.1.2.3 The Distribution Layer 81.1.2.4 The Core Layer 81.1.2.5 Two-Tier Collapsed Core Design 91.1.2.6 Activity - Identify Hierarchical Network Characteristics 91.2 Cisco Enterprise Architecture 91.2.1 Modular Network Design 91.2.1.1 Modular Design 91.2.1.2 Modules in the Enterprise Architecture 101.2.1.3 Activity - Identify Modules in a Network Design 101.2.2 Cisco Enterprise Architecture Model 101.2.2.1 Cisco Enterprise Architecture Model 101.2.2.2 Cisco Enterprise Campus 111.2.2.3 Cisco Enterprise Edge 121.2.2.4 Service Provider Edge 121.2.2.5 Remote Functional Area 131.2.2.6 Activity - Identify Modules of the Cisco Enterprise Architecture 141.3 Evolving Network Architectures 141.3.1 Cisco Enterprise Architectures 141.3.1.1 IT Challenges 141.3.1.2 Emerging Enterprise Architectures 141.3.2 Emerging Network Architectures 151.3.2.1 Cisco Borderless Networks 151.3.2.2 Collaboration Architecture 161.3.2.3 Data Center and Virtualization 161.3.2.4 Expanding the Network 171.3.2.5 Activity - Identify Evolving Network Architecture Terminology 171.4 Summary 171.4.1.1 Class Activity - Borderless Innovations - Everywhere 171.4.1.2 Packet Tracer - Skills Integration Challenge - OSPF 181.4.1.3 Packet Tracer - Skills Integration Challenge - EIGRP 181.4.1.4 Summary 18Your Chapter Notes 19Chapter 2 Connecting to the WAN 212.0 Connecting to the WAN 212.0.1.1 Introduction 212.0.1.2 Class Activity - Branching Out 212.1 WAN Technologies Overview 212.1.1 Purpose of WANs 212.1.1.1 Why a WAN? 212.1.1.2 Are WANs Necessary? 222.1.1.3 Evolving Networks 222.1.1.4 Small Office 232.1.1.5 Campus Network 232.1.1.6 Branch Networks 242.1.1.7 Distributed Network 242.1.1.8 Activity - Identify WAN Topologies 242.1.2 WAN Operations 252.1.2.1 WANs in the OSI Model 252.1.2.2 Common WAN Terminology 252.1.2.3 WAN Devices 262.1.2.4 Circuit Switching 272.1.2.5 Packet Switching 272.1.2.6 Activity - Identify WAN Terminology 282.2 Selecting a WAN Technology 282.2.1 WAN Services 282.2.1.1 WAN Link Connection Options 282.2.1.2 Service Provider Network Infrastructure 292.2.1.3 Activity - Classify WAN Access Options 292.2.2 Private WAN Infrastructures 292.2.2.1 Leased Lines 292.2.2.2 Dialup 302.2.2.3 ISDN 312.2.2.4 Frame Relay 322.2.2.5 ATM 322.2.2.6 Ethernet WAN 332.2.2.7 MPLS 332.2.2.8 VSAT 342.2.2.9 Activity - Identify Private WAN Infrastructure Terminology 342.2.3 Public WAN Infrastructure 342.2.3.1 DSL 342.2.3.2 Cable 352.2.3.3 Wireless 352.2.3.4 3G/4G Cellular 362.2.3.5 VPN Technology 362.2.3.6 Activity - Identify Public WAN Infrastructure Terminology 372.2.4 Selecting WAN Services 372.2.4.1 Choosing a WAN Link Connection 372.2.4.2 Choosing a WAN Link Connection, cont. 382.2.4.3 Lab - Researching WAN Technologies 392.3 Summary 392.3.1.1 Class Activity - WAN Device Modules 392.3.1.2 Summary 40Your Chapter Notes 41Chapter 3 Point-to-Point Connections 433.0 Point-to-Point Connections 433.0.1.1 Introduction 433.0.1.2 Class Activity - PPP Persuasion 433.1 Serial Point-to-Point Overview 443.1.1 Serial Communications 443.1.1.1 Serial and Parallel Ports 443.1.1.2 Serial Communication 453.1.1.3 Point-to-Point Communication Links 453.1.1.4 Time-Division Multiplexing 463.1.1.5 Statistical Time-Division Multiplexing 463.1.1.6 TDM Examples 473.1.1.7 Demarcation Point 473.1.1.8 DTE-DCE 483.1.1.9 Serial Cables 483.1.1.10 Serial Bandwidth 493.1.1.11 Activity - Identify the Serial Communications Terminology 493.1.2 HDLC Encapsulation 503.1.2.1 WAN Encapsulation Protocols 503.1.2.2 HDLC Encapsulation 503.1.2.3 HDLC Frame Types 513.1.2.4 Configuring HDLC Encapsulation 523.1.2.5 Troubleshooting a Serial Interface 523.1.2.6 Syntax Checker - Troubleshooting a Serial Interface 533.1.2.7 Packet Tracer - Troubleshooting Serial Interfaces 533.2 PPP Operation 533.2.1 Benefits of PPP 533.2.1.1 Introducing PPP 533.2.1.2 Advantages of PPP 543.2.2 LCP and NCP 543.2.2.1 PPP Layered Architecture 543.2.2.2 PPP - Link Control Protocol (LCP) 543.2.2.3 PPP - Network Control Protocol (NCP) 553.2.2.4 PPP Frame Structure 553.2.2.5 Activity - Identify PPP Features and Operations 563.2.3 PPP Sessions 563.2.3.1 Establishing a PPP Session 563.2.3.2 LCP Operation 563.2.3.3 LCP Packet 583.2.3.4 PPP Configuration Options 583.2.3.5 NCP Explained 583.2.3.6 Activity - Identify the Steps in the LCP Link Negotiation Process 593.3 Configure PPP 593.3.1 Configure PPP 593.3.1.1 PPP Configuration Options 593.3.1.2 PPP Basic Configuration Command 603.3.1.3 PPP Compression Commands 603.3.1.4 PPP Link Quality Monitoring Command 613.3.1.5 PPP Multilink Commands 613.3.1.6 Verifying PPP Configuration 623.3.2 PPP Authentication 623.3.2.1 PPP Authentication Protocols 623.3.2.2 Password Authentication Protocol (PAP) 623.3.2.3 Challenge Handshake Authentication Protocol (CHAP) 633.3.2.4 PPP Encapsulation and Authentication Process 643.3.2.5 Configuring PPP Authentication 643.3.2.6 Configuring PPP with Authentication 653.3.2.7 Packet Tracer - Configuring PAP and CHAP Authentication 663.3.2.8 Lab - Configuring Basic PPP with Authentication 663.4 Troubleshoot WAN Connectivity 663.4.1 Troubleshoot PPP 663.4.1.1 Troubleshooting PPP Serial Encapsulation 663.4.1.2 Debug PPP 673.4.1.3 Troubleshooting a PPP Configuration with Authentication 673.4.1.4 Packet Tracer - Troubleshooting PPP with Authentication 683.4.1.5 Lab - Troubleshooting Basic PPP with Authentication 683.5 Summary 683.5.1.1 Class Activity - PPP Validation 683.5.1.2 Packet Tracer - Skills Integration Challenge 693.5.1.3 Summary 69Your Chapter Notes 70Chapter 4 Frame Relay 714.0 Frame Relay 714.0.1.1 Introduction 714.0.1.2 Class Activity - Emerging WAN Technologies 714.1 Introduction to Frame Relay 724.1.1 Benefits of Frame Relay 724.1.1.1 Introducing Frame Relay 724.1.1.2 Benefits of Frame Relay WAN Technology 724.1.1.3 Dedicated Line Requirements 734.1.1.4 Cost Effectiveness and Flexibility of Frame Relay 744.1.1.5 Activity - Identify Frame Relay Terminology and Concepts 744.1.2 Frame Relay Operation 744.1.2.1 Virtual Circuits 744.1.2.2 Multiple Virtual Circuits 754.1.2.3 Frame Relay Encapsulation 764.1.2.4 Frame Relay Topologies 774.1.2.5 Frame Relay Topologies (Cont.) 784.1.2.6 Frame Relay Address Mapping 784.1.2.7 Local Management Interface (LMI) 804.1.2.8 LMI Extensions 804.1.2.9 Using LMI and Inverse ARP to Map Addresses 824.1.2.10 Activity - Map the Virtual Circuit to the Port Number 824.1.2.11 Activity - Match Frame Relay Fields to the Definition 824.1.2.12 Activity - Identify LMI Terminology and Concepts 824.1.3 Advanced Frame Relay Concepts 834.1.3.1 Access Rate and Committed Information Rate 834.1.3.2 Frame Relay Example 834.1.3.3 Bursting 844.1.3.4 Frame Relay Flow Control 854.1.3.5 Activity - Identify Frame Relay Bandwidth and Flow Control Terminology 864.2 Configure Frame Relay 864.2.1 Configure Basic Frame Relay 864.2.1.1 Basic Frame Relay Configuration Commands 864.2.1.2 Configuring a Static Frame Relay Map 874.2.1.3 Verify a Static Frame Relay Map 884.2.1.4 Packet Tracer - Configuring Static Frame Relay Maps 884.2.2 Configure Subinterfaces 894.2.2.1 Reachability Issues 894.2.2.2 Solving Reachability Issues 904.2.2.3 Configuring Point-to-Point Subinterfaces 914.2.2.4 Example: Configuring Point-to-Point Subinterfaces 914.2.2.5 Activity - Identify Frame Relay Bandwidth and Flow Control Terminology 924.2.2.6 Packet Tracer - Configuring Frame Relay Point-to-Point Subinterfaces 924.2.2.7 Lab - Configuring Frame Relay and Subinterfaces 924.3 Troubleshoot Connectivity 934.3.1 Troubleshoot Frame Relay 934.3.1.1 Verifying Frame Relay Operation: Frame Relay Interface 934.3.1.2 Verifying Frame Relay Operation: LMI Operations 934.3.1.3 Verifying Frame Relay Operation: PVC Status 944.3.1.4 Verifying Frame Relay Operation: Inverse ARP 944.3.1.5 Troubleshooting Frame Relay Operation 954.3.1.6 Lab - Troubleshooting Basic Frame Relay 954.4 Summary 954.4.1.1 Class Activity - Frame Relay Budget Proposal 954.4.1.2 Packet Tracer - Skills Integration Challenge 964.4.1.3 Summary 96Your Chapter Notes 97Chapter 5 Network Address Translation for IPv4 995.0 Introduction 995.0.1.1 Introduction 995.0.1.2 Class Activity - Conceptual NAT 995.1 NAT Operation 1005.1.1 NAT Characteristics 1005.1.1.1 IPv4 Private Address Space 1005.1.1.2 What is NAT? 1005.1.1.3 NAT Terminology 1015.1.1.4 NAT Terminology (Cont.) 1025.1.1.5 How NAT Works 1025.1.1.6 Activity - Identify the NAT Terminology 1035.1.2 Types of NAT 1035.1.2.1 Static NAT 1035.1.2.2 Dynamic NAT 1045.1.2.3 Port Address Translation (PAT) 1045.1.2.4 Next Available Port 1045.1.2.5 Comparing NAT and PAT 1055.1.2.6 Packet Tracer - Investigating NAT Operation 1055.1.3 Benefits of NAT 1065.1.3.1 Benefits of NAT 1065.1.3.2 Disadvantages of NAT 1065.2 Configuring NAT 1075.2.1 Configuring Static NAT 1075.2.1.1 Configuring Static NAT 1075.2.1.2 Analyzing Static NAT 1085.2.1.3 Verifying Static NAT 1085.2.1.4 Packet Tracer - Configuring Static NAT 1095.2.2 Configuring Dynamic NAT 1095.2.2.1 Dynamic NAT Operation 1095.2.2.2 Configuring Dynamic NAT 1095.2.2.3 Analyzing Dynamic NAT 1105.2.2.4 Verifying Dynamic NAT 1115.2.2.5 Packet Tracer - Configuring Dynamic NAT 1125.2.2.6 Lab - Configuring Dynamic and Static NAT 1125.2.3 Configuring Port Address Translation (PAT) 1125.2.3.1 Configuring PAT: Address Pool 1125.2.3.2 Configuring PAT: Single Address 1135.2.3.3 Analyzing PAT 1135.2.3.4 Verifying PAT 1145.2.3.5 Activity - Identify the Address Information at Each Hop 1155.2.3.6 Packet Tracer - Implementing Static and Dynamic NAT 1155.2.3.7 Lab - Configuring Port Address Translation (PAT) 1155.2.4 Port Forwarding 1155.2.4.1 Port Forwarding 1155.2.4.2 SOHO Example 1165.2.4.3 Configuring Port Forwarding with IOS 1165.2.4.4 Packet Tracer - Configuring Port Forwarding on a Linksys Router 1175.2.5 Configuring NAT and IPv6 1175.2.5.1 NAT for IPv6? 1175.2.5.2 IPv6 Unique Local Addresses 1185.2.5.3 NAT for IPv6 1195.3 Troubleshooting NAT 1195.3.1 Troubleshooting NAT 1195.3.1.1 Troubleshooting NAT: show commands 1195.3.1.2 Troubleshooting NAT: debug command 1205.3.1.3 Case Study 1205.3.1.4 Packet Tracer - Verifying and Troubleshooting NAT Configurations 1215.3.1.5 Lab - Troubleshooting NAT Configurations 1215.4 Summary 1215.4.1.1 Class Activity - NAT Check 1215.4.1.2 Packet Tracer - Skills Integration Challenge 1225.4.1.3 Summary 122Your Chapter Notes 123Chapter 6 Broadband Solutions 1256.0 Broadband Solutions 1256.0.1.1 Introduction 1256.0.1.2 Class Activity - Broadband Varieties 1256.1 Teleworking 1256.1.1 Benefits of Teleworking 1256.1.1.1 Introducing Teleworking 1256.1.1.2 Employer Benefits of Teleworking 1266.1.1.3 Community and Government Benefits 1276.1.1.4 Individual Benefits of Teleworking 1276.1.1.5 Detriments to Telework 1286.1.1.6 Activity - Benefits of Teleworking 1286.1.2 Business Requirements for Teleworker Services 1286.1.2.1 Teleworker Solution 1286.1.2.2 Teleworker Connectivity Requirements 1296.1.2.3 Activity - Classify Requirements for Teleworker Connectivity 1306.2 Comparing Broadband Solutions 1306.2.1 Cable 1306.2.1.1 What is a Cable System? 1306.2.1.2 Cable and the Electromagnetic Spectrum 1316.2.1.3 DOCSIS 1316.2.1.4 Cable Components 1326.2.1.5 Activity - Identify Cable Terminology 1336.2.2 DSL 1336.2.2.1 What is DSL? 1336.2.2.2 DSL Connections 1336.2.2.3 Separating Voice and Data in ADSL 1346.2.2.4 Activity - Identify DSL Terminology 1356.2.3 Broadband Wireless 1356.2.3.1 Types of Broadband Wireless Technologies 1356.2.3.2 Types of Broadband Wireless Technologies, Cont. 1366.2.3.3 Activity - Identify Broadband Wireless Terminology 1376.2.4 Selecting Broadband Solutions 1376.2.4.1 Comparing Broadband Solutions 1376.2.4.2 Lab - Researching Broadband Internet Access Technologies 1386.3 Configuring xDSL Connectivity 1386.3.1 PPPoE Overview 1386.3.1.1 PPPoE Motivation 1386.3.1.2 PPPoE Concepts 1396.3.2 Configuring PPPoE 1396.3.2.1 PPPoE Configuration 1396.3.2.2 Syntax Checker - Configuring PPPoE 1396.3.2.3 Lab - Configuring a Router as a PPPoE Client for DSL Connectivity 1396.4 Summary 1406.4.1.1 Class Activity - Telework Proposal 1406.4.1.2 Summary 140Your Chapter Notes 141Chapter 7 Securing Site-to-Site Connectivity 1437.0 Introduction 1437.0.1.1 Introduction 1437.0.1.2 Class Activity - VPNs at a Glance 1437.1 VPNs 1447.1.1 Fundamentals of VPNs 1447.1.1.1 Introducing VPNs 1447.1.1.2 Benefits of VPNs 1447.1.1.3 Activity - Identify the Benefits of VPNs 1457.1.2 Types of VPNs 1457.1.2.1 Site-to-Site VPNs 1457.1.2.2 Remote-access VPNs 1457.1.2.3 Activity - Compare Types of VPNs 1467.1.2.4 Packet Tracer - Configuring VPNs (Optional) 1467.2 Site-to-Site GRE Tunnels 1467.2.1 Fundamentals of Generic Routing Encapsulation 1467.2.1.1 Introduction to GRE 1467.2.1.2 Characteristics of GRE 1477.2.1.3 Activity - Identify GRE Characteristics 1477.2.2 Configuring GRE Tunnels 1477.2.2.1 GRE Tunnel Configuration 1477.2.2.2 GRE Tunnel Verification 1487.2.2.3 Packet Tracer - Configuring GRE 1497.2.2.4 Packet Tracer - Troubleshooting GRE 1497.2.2.5 Lab - Configuring a Point-to-Point GRE VPN Tunnel 1497.3 Introducing IPsec 1497.3.1 Internet Protocol Security 1497.3.1.1 IPsec 1497.3.1.2 IPsec Security Services 1507.3.2 IPsec Framework 1517.3.2.1 Confidentiality with Encryption 1517.3.2.2 Encryption Algorithms 1517.3.2.3 Diffie-Hellman Key Exchange 1527.3.2.4 Integrity with Hash Algorithms 1537.3.2.5 IPsec Authentication 1547.3.2.6 IPsec Protocol Framework 1547.3.2.7 Activity - Identify IPsec Terminology and Concepts 1557.3.2.8 Packet Tracer - Configuring. GRE over IPsec (Optional) 1557.4 Remote Access 1567.4.1 Remote-access VPN Solutions 1567.4.1.1 Types of Remote-access VPNs 1567.4.1.2 Cisco SSL VPN 1567.4.1.3 Cisco SSL VPN Solutions 1577.4.1.4 Activity - Compare Cisco SSL VPN Solutions 1577.4.2 IPsec Remote-access VPNs 1587.4.2.1 IPsec Remote Access 1587.4.2.2 Cisco Easy VPN Server and Remote 1587.4.2.3 Cisco Easy VPN Client 1597.4.2.4 Comparing IPsec and SSL 1597.4.2.5 Activity - Identify Remote-Access Characteristics 1607.5 Summary 1607.5.1.1 Class Activity - VPN Planning Design 1607.5.1.2 Packet Tracer - Skills Integration Challenge 1607.5.1.3 Summary 160Your Chapter Notes 162Chapter 8 Monitoring the Network 1638.0 Monitoring the Network 1638.0.1.1 Introduction 1638.0.1.2 Class Activity - Network Maintenance Development 1638.1 Syslog 1638.1.1 Syslog Operation 1638.1.1.1 Introduction to Syslog 1638.1.1.2 Syslog Operation 1648.1.1.3 Syslog Message Format 1658.1.1.4 Service Timestamp 1668.1.1.5 Activity - Interpret Syslog Output 1668.1.2 Configuring Syslog 1668.1.2.1 Syslog Server 1668.1.2.2 Default Logging 1678.1.2.3 Router and Switch Commands for Syslog Clients 1678.1.2.4 Verifying Syslog 1688.1.2.5 Packet Tracer - Configuring Syslog and NTP 1688.1.2.6 Lab - Configuring Syslog and NTP 1688.2 SNMP 1688.2.1 SNMP Operation 1688.2.1.1 Introduction to SNMP 1688.2.1.2 SNMP Operation 1698.2.1.3 SNMP Agent Traps 1698.2.1.4 SNMP Versions 1708.2.1.5 Community Strings 1718.2.1.6 Management Information Base Object ID 1718.2.1.7 Activity - Identify Characteristics of SNMP Versions 1728.2.1.8 Lab - Researching Network Monitoring Software 1728.2.2 Configuring SNMP 1738.2.2.1 Steps for Configuring SNMP 1738.2.2.2 Verifying SNMP Configuration 1738.2.2.3 Security Best Practices 1748.2.2.4 Lab - Configuring SNMP 1758.3 NetFlow 1758.3.1 NetFlow Operation 1758.3.1.1 Introducing NetFlow 1758.3.1.2 Understanding NetFlow 1768.3.1.3 Network Flows 1778.3.1.4 Activity - Compare SNMP and NetFlow 1778.3.2 Configuring NetFlow 1778.3.2.1 Configuring NetFlow 1778.3.2.2 Verifying NetFlow 1798.3.3 Examining Traffic Patterns 1808.3.3.1 Identifying NetFlow Collector Functions 1808.3.3.2 NetFlow Analysis with a NetFlow Collector 1818.3.3.3 Lab - Collecting and Analyzing NetFlow Data 1828.4 Summary 1828.4.1.1 Class Activity - A Network Administrator's Toolbox for Monitoring 1828.4.1.2 Summary 182Your Chapter Notes 183Chapter 9 Troubleshooting the Network 1859.0 Troubleshooting the Network 1859.0.1.1 Introduction 1859.0.1.2 Class Activity - Network Breakdown 1859.1 Troubleshooting with a Systematic Approach 1859.1.1 Network Documentation 1859.1.1.1 Documenting the Network 1859.1.1.2 Network Topology Diagrams 1879.1.1.3 Establishing a Network Baseline 1889.1.1.4 Establishing a Network Baseline, Cont. 1889.1.1.5 Measuring Data 1899.1.1.6 Activity - Identify Benefits for Establishing a Network Baseline 1909.1.1.7 Activity - Identify Commands Used for Measuring Data 1909.1.1.8 Packet Tracer - Troubleshooting Challenge - Documenting the Network 1909.1.2 Troubleshooting Process 1909.1.2.1 General Troubleshooting Procedures 1909.1.2.2 Gathering Symptoms 1919.1.2.3 Questioning End Users 1929.1.2.4 Activity - Identify Commands for Gathering Symptoms 1929.1.3 Isolating the Issue Using Layered Models 1939.1.3.1 Using Layered Models for Troubleshooting 1939.1.3.2 Troubleshooting Methods 1949.1.3.3 Troubleshooting Methods, Cont. 1959.1.3.4 Guidelines for Selecting a Troubleshooting Method 1959.1.3.5 Activity - Troubleshooting Methods 1969.2 Network Troubleshooting 1969.2.1 Troubleshooting Tools 1969.2.1.1 Software Troubleshooting Tools 1969.2.1.2 Software Troubleshooting Tools, Cont. 1979.2.1.3 Hardware Troubleshooting Tools 1979.2.1.4 Using a Syslog Server for Troubleshooting 1989.2.1.5 Activity - Identify Common Troubleshooting Tools 1999.2.2 Symptoms and Causes of Network Troubleshooting 1999.2.2.1 Physical Layer Troubleshooting 1999.2.2.2 Data Link Layer Troubleshooting 2019.2.2.3 Network Layer Troubleshooting 2029.2.2.4 Transport Layer Troubleshooting - ACLs 2039.2.2.5 Transport Layer Troubleshooting - NAT for IPv4 2049.2.2.6 Application Layer Troubleshooting 2059.2.2.7 Activity - Identify the OSI Layer Associated with a Network Issue 2069.2.3 Troubleshooting IP Connectivity 2069.2.3.1 Components of Troubleshooting End-to-End Connectivity 2069.2.3.2 End-to-End Connectivity Problem Initiates Troubleshooting 2079.2.3.3 Step 1 - Verify the Physical Layer 2079.2.3.4 Step 2 - Check for Duplex Mismatches 2089.2.3.5 Step 3 - Verify Layer 2 and Layer 3 Addressing on the Local Network 2099.2.3.6 Step 4 - Verify Default Gateway 2109.2.3.7 Step 5 - Verify Correct Path 2129.2.3.8 Step 6 - Verify the Transport Layer 2139.2.3.9 Step 7 - Verify ACLs 2139.2.3.10 Step 8 - Verify DNS 2149.2.3.11 Activity - Identify Commands to Troubleshoot a Network Issue 2159.2.3.12 Packet Tracer - Troubleshooting Enterprise Networks 1 2159.2.3.13 Packet Tracer - Troubleshooting Enterprise Networks 2 2159.2.3.14 Packet Tracer - Troubleshooting Enterprise Networks 3 2159.2.3.15 Packet Tracer - Troubleshooting Challenge - Using Documentation to Solve Issues 2159.3 Summary 2159.3.1.1 Class Activity - Documentation Development 2159.3.1.2 Summary 216Your Chapter Notes 217