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Full Description
During the Second World War, Mennonites in the Netherlands, Germany, occupied Poland, and Ukraine lived in communities with Jews and close to various Nazi camps and killing sites. As a result of this proximity, Mennonites were neighbours to and witnessed the destruction of European Jews. In some cases they were beneficiaries or even enablers of the Holocaust. Much of this history was forgotten after the war, as Mennonites sought to rebuild or find new homes as refugees. The result was a myth of Mennonite innocence and ignorance that connected their own suffering during the 1930s and 1940s with earlier centuries of persecution and marginalization.
European Mennonites and the Holocaust identifies a significant number of Mennonite perpetrators, along with a smaller number of Mennonites who helped Jews survive, examining the context in which they acted. In some cases, theology led them to accept or reject Nazi ideals. In others, Mennonites chose a closer embrace of German identity as a strategy to improve their standing with Germans or for material benefit.
A powerful and unflinching examination of a difficult history, European Mennonites and the Holocaust uncovers a more complete picture of Mennonite life in these years, underscoring actions that were not always innocent.
Published in Association with the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
Contents
List of Illustrations
Acknowledgments
Introduction - Neighbours, Killers, Enablers, Witnesses: The Many Roles of Mennonites in the Holocaust
Doris L. Bergen, Mark Jantzen, and John D. Thiesen
Introduction to Chapter 1 - Mennonites and Nazi Crimes: Gerhard Rempel's Call for Historical Reckoning
Doris L. Bergen
1. Mennonites, War Crimes, and the Holocaust
Gerhard Rempel, edited by Doris L. Bergen with John D. Thiesen
2. Enjoying the Entitlements of German Freedom: German Mennonites and Nazi Church-State Policy
James Irvin Lichti
3. Antisemitism and the Concept of Volk: The Mennonite Youth Circular Community at the Beginning of the Nazi Dictatorship
Imanuel Baumann
4. German Mennonite Theology in the Era of National Socialism
Arnold Neufeld-Fast
5. Dutch Mennonite Theologians and Nazism
Pieter Post
6. Mennonite Collaboration with Nazism: A Case Study of the Responses of Mennonites in Deutsch Wymyschle, Poland, to the Plight of Local Jews during the Early Nazi Occupation Period (1939-1942)
Colin Neufeldt
7. Mennonites in Ukraine before, during, and Immediately after the Second World War
Dmytro Myeshkov
8. A Portrait of Khortytsya/Zaporizhzhia under Occupation
Aileen Friesen
9. Dutch Mennonites and Yad Vashem Recognition
Alle G. Hoekema
10. Identity and Complicity: The Post-Second World War Emigration of Chortitza Mennonites
Erika Weidemann
11. A Usable Past: Soviet Mennonite Memories of the Holocaust
Hans Werner
12. Selective Memory: Danziger Mennonite Reflections on the Nazi Era, 1945-1950
Steve Schroeder
List of Contributors
Index
