Full Description
The way we deal with AIDS in Africa will All of them take account of the local cultural determine Africa's future. The devastation context. But they all have something else in wrought by HIV/AIDS on the continent is so common; they stem from a political will to acute that it has become one of the main fight AIDS, and a recognition that facing up obstacles to development itself. AIDS to the problem is the first step towards c- threatens to unravel whole societies, com- quering it. I am convinced that, given that munities, and economies. In this way, AIDS will, every society can do the same. is not only taking away Africa's present—it We have seen a growing understanding is taking away Africa's future. of the inextricable link between prevention This crisis requires an unprecedented and treatment, and a conviction that tre- response. It requires communities, nations, ment can work even in the poorest societies. and regions, the public and the private sector, We have seen AIDS drugs become more international organizations and nongovern- available and affordable in poor countries, mental groups to come together in concerted, and scientific progress promises simplified coordinated action. Only when all these treatment regimes. Above all, we have seen a forces join in a common effort will we be able growing understanding that the key is poli- to expand our fight against the epidemic to cal commitment to providing treatment, decrease risk, vulnerability, and impact. All backed up by community involvement.
Contents
Introduction: The Etiology of AIDS.- The Molecular Virology of HIV-1.- Immunopathogenesis of AIDS.- Effect of Genetic Variation on HIV Transmission and Progression to AIDS.- Biology of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 2 (HIV-2).- Simian Immunodeficiency Viruses and the Origin of HIVs.- Serodiagnosis of HIV Infection.- Molecular Diagnosis of HIV Infection.- Monitoring HIV-1 Subtype Distribution.- Monitoring Viral Load.- Monitoring Immune Function.- The Epidemiology of HIV and AIDS.- Transmission of HIV.- Role of Sexually Transmitted Diseases in HIV-1 Transmission.- Mother-to-Child Transmission of HIV.- HIV-1 Subtypes and Recombinants.- Current Estimates and Projections for the Epidemic.- Clinical Diagnosis of AIDS and HIV-Related Diseases.- Antiretroviral Therapy in Resource-Limited Settings.- HIV-1 Drug Resistance.- Opportunistic Infections.- Tuberculosis.- HIV Infection and Cancer.- Challenges and Opportunities for Nurses.- Home-Based Care.- Nutrition and HIV Infection.- Access to HIV and AIDS Care.- Diagnosis of Pediatric HIV Infection.- Treatment of HIV in Children Using Antiretroviral Drugs.- Pediatric Opportunistic Infections.- Male Condoms and Circumcision.- Female Condoms and Microbicides.- Behavioral Change: Goals and Means.- Voluntary Counseling and Testing.- Prevention of Perinatal Transmission of HIV.- Prevention of Breast Milk Transmission of HIV.- Postexposure Prophylaxis for Occupational Exposure and Sexual Assault.- The Need for a Vaccine.- HIV Vaccines Design and Development.- HIV-1 Vaccine Testing, Trial Design, and Ethics.- Regional Variations in the African Epidemics.- Human Rights and HIV/AIDS.- Gender and HIV/AIDS.- The Orphan Crisis.- The Economics of AIDS in Africa.- International Cooperation and Mobilization.
