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Long was I hugg'd close-long and long. Immense have been the preparations for me, Faithful and friendly the arms that have help'd me. Cycles ferried my cradle, rowing and rowing like friendly boatmen. For room to me stars kept aside in their own rings, They sent influences to look after what was to hold me. Before I was born out of my mother, generations guided me, My embryo has never been torpid, nothing could overlay it. -Walt Whitman, "Song of Myself" The womb is the seat of all mammalian life. In pregnancy, the uterus acquires this impor tance with the arrival of the fertilized egg, which takes up residence for periods ranging from about 2 weeks in the opossum to about 2 years in the elephant. The arrival of the embryo signals a crucial time for the establishment of pregnancy. For several days the blas tocyst remains free in the uterine lumen, where it depends on uterine secretions for its sur vival and differentiation. During this time, essential changes in the endometrium take place in preparation for attachment of the blastocyst and implantation. Early embryonic loss is an economic problem of global proportions in animal husbandry, where, in pigs and cattle for example, some 30% of all fertilizations fail to result in a pregnancy. In humans this figure may be even higher, and estimates of early spontaneous abortions range from 40 to 60% of all conceptions.
Contents
I: Perspectives.- 1 Viviparity.- 2 My Life with Mammalian Eggs.- II: Cell Biology of the Developing Egg.- 3 The Origin of Trophoblast and Its Role in Implantation.- 4 The Generation and Recognition of Positional Information in the Preimplantation Mouse Embryo.- 5 Relationship between the Programs for Implantation and Trophoblast Differentiation.- 6 Cellular and Genetic Analysis of Mouse Blastocyst Development.- III: Macromolecular Synthesis in the Developing Egg.- 7 Mobilization of Genetic Information in the Early Rabbit Trophoblast.- 8 Activity of RNA and DNA Polymerases in Delayed-Implanting Mouse Embryos.- 9 A Reexamination of Messenger RNA Populations in the Preimplantation Mouse Embryo.- 10 Intrinsic and Extrinsic Patterns of Molecular Differentiation during Oogenesis, Embryogenesis, and Organogenesis in Mammals.- IV: Uterine Preparation for Implantation.- 11 Cell Proliferation and Cell Death in the Endometrium.- 12 Shifts in Uterine Stromal Cell Populations during Pregnancy and Regression.- 13 Separated Cell Types as Analytical Tools in the Study of Decidualization and Implantation.- 14 Decidual Cell Function: Role of Steroid Hormones and Their Receptors.- V: Gene Expression in the Uterus.- 15 Mechanisms of Induction of Uterine Protein Synthesis: Hormonal Regulation of Uteroglobin.- 16 Regulation of the Levels of mRNA for Glucose-6-phosphate Dehydrogenase and Its Rate of Translation in the Uterus by Estradiol.- 17 Uterine DNA Polymerase: Acquisition of Responsiveness to Estrogen during Postnatal Development of the Rat.- 18 The Artificially Stimulated Decidual Cell Reaction in the Mouse Uterus: Studies of RNA Polymerases and Histone Modifications.- VI: Blastocyst-Uterine Interactions.- 19 Embryonic Signals and Maternal Recognition.- 20 Uterine Blastotoxic Factors.-21 Lysosomal Mechanisms in Blastocyst Implantation and Early Decidualization.- VII: Mechanisms of Implantation.- 22 The Role of Prostaglandins in Endometrial Vascular Changes at Implantation.- 23 Comparison of Implantation in Utero and in Vitro.- 24 Time-Lapse Cinematography of Mouse Embryo Development from Blastocyst to Early Somite Stage.- VIII: Short Communications.- 1. The Effects of Estradiol-17 ? and Progesterone on the Volume of Uterine Fluid in Ovariectomized Mice.- 2. Presence of hCG-like Material in the Preimplantation Rabbit Blastocyst.- 3. Electron Microscopic Study of Rat ? Mouse Chimeric Blastocysts Produced by Embryo Aggregation.- 4. Characteristics of an Endogenous Inhibitor of Progesterone Binding in Rat Trophoblast.- 5. Histone Synthesis in Preimplantation Mouse Embryos.- 6. Use of Concanavalin A to Monitor Changes in Glycoprotein Synthesis during Early Mouse Development.- 7 The Role of Glycoproteins in the Development of Preimplantation Mouse Embryos.- 8. The Role of Blastolemmase in Implantation Initiation in the Rabbit.- 9. Estradiol-17 ? Dehydrogenase in Rat Endometrium at the Time of Implantation.- 10. The Pig Uterus Secretes a Progesterone-Induced Inhibitor of Plasminogen Activator.- 11. Role of a Uterine Endopeptidase in the Implantation Process of the Rat.- 12. The Role of Prostaglandins and Cyclic Nucleotides in the Artificially Stimulated Decidual Cell Reaction in the Mouse Uterus.- 13. Inhibitory Effect of Indomethacin on Nuclear Binding of Progesterone in the Uterus and on Differentiation of Decidual Cells in Culture.- 14 Maternal Recognition of Pregnancy in Swine.- 15 Effects of Preimplantation Bovine and Porcine Conceptuses on Blood Flow and Steroid Content of the Uterus.- 16. Effects of Nicotine on Conceptus Cell Proliferation andOviductal/Uterine Blood Flow in the Rat.- 17. The Uterine Epithelium as a Transducer for the Triggering of Decidualization in the Rat.- 18. Cellular Contact between the Trophoblast and the Endometrium at Implantation in the Ewe.- 19. Cell Motility and the Distribution ofActin and Myosin during Mouse Trophoblast Development in Vitro.- 20. Autoradiographic Studies of Mouse Uterine Glands during the Periimplantation Period.- 21 In Vitro Attachment and Outgrowth of Mouse Trophectoderm.- 22. Hormone Production by Rat Blastocysts and Midpregnancy Trophoblasts in Vitro.- 23. Separation and Characterization of Endocervical Cells.- 24. Role of the Major Histocompatibility Complex in the Timing of Early Mammalian Development.- 25. Pregnancy-Associated Endometrial Protein in Women.- 26. Survival of Rat Blastocysts in the Uterus of the Mouse Following Xenogeneic Implantation.- 27. Concanavalin-A-Binding Capacity of Preimplantation Mouse Embryos.- 28. The Use of Pharmacological Agents to Study Implantation.- Participants.
