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Full Description
Universe, Human Species, Reality: A Physicalist Approach describes the functioning of the material universe with the use of intermediate mathematical language. The book uses a physicalist approach in the sense that it is based entirely on physical phenomena and on reality, and does not use philosophical or theological argumentation based on abstract reasoning not anchored in physical observations. Using these observations, the book develops the argument that the principle of least action plays the most important role in the functioning of the universe and that, if we extend our study, our work on Lagrangians could provide an answer to our search of the nature of the interactions that seem to take place in the physics involved in the unanswered questions regarding the nature of the intellect, the intellect-brain gap, and the nature of mathematics. This book is of interest to undergraduate physics and biology students and the interested general reader.
Key Features
Addresses our understanding of the complete basic physics of the universe.
Uses a physicalist approach, rather than a philosophical and theological approach, in studying the nature of the universe.
Gives a rather unique conclusion relative to the functioning of the universe including Homo sapiens.
Contents
Preface vii
Chapter 1 Introduction 1
Chapter 2 The Universe 4
2.1 A Short Trip Through the Universe 5
2.2 Physical Interactions Within the Universe 12
2.2.1 Gravitational Interaction 12
2.2.2 Electromagnetic Interaction 12
2.2.3 Strong Nuclear Interaction 13
2.2.4 Weak Nuclear Interaction 13
2.3 Physics Behind All That 13
2.3.1 Reality of the World 14
2.3.2 Our Tools 16
2.3.3 Our Goal 18
2.3.4 Minimum Energy and the Concept of Equilibrium 29
2.3.5 Conservation of Energy 30
2.3.6 An Astonishing General Principle; the Least Action Principle 33
2.3.7 Mechanical Energy 44
2.3.8 Internal Energy 44
2.3.9 Heat 45
2.3.10 Some Other Forms of Energy 46
2.3.11 Some Other Conservation Laws 47
2.3.12 Limits in Energy Exchanges: The Concept of Entropy 48
Chapter 3 Human Species 100
3.1 Our Body 101
3.1.1 Living Cells 103
3.1.2 Dynamics and Functions of Cells 115
3.1.3 Homo sapiens Brain and Mental Activities 128
3.2 Life, Origin, and Evolution 150
3.2.1 A Resume of the History of the Universe 150
3.2.2 On the Origin of Life 152
3.2.3 Speculations 159
3.2.4 Evolution 162
3.2.5 Darwinism 164
3.2.6 Subsequent Developments 168
3.2.7 Alternative Approaches 171
3.3 Homo sapiens 172
Chapter 4 Realism and Physicalism 178
4.1 Some Preliminary Remarks 178
4.1.1 Does Physics Deal with Reality? 178
4.2 Physics and Meta-Worlds 182
Chapter 5 Conclusion 186
5.1 Our World 186
5.2 Matter, Space, Time 186
5.3 Mathematics 188
5.4 Basic Principle: Principle of Least Action, Lagrangians 189
5.5 An Overview 192
5.6 The Fundamental Questions 193
5.7 Life 194
5.8 The Mind 195
5.9 Language 195
5.10 Society and Culture 196
5.11 Myths 196
5.12 Homo sapiens Successes and Failures 197
5.12.1 Successes 197
5.13 Our Future 200
5.13.1 What Is That Universe? 203
5.13.2 What Are We? 204
5.13.3 Who Are We? 204
Bibliography 207
Annexes 209
Index 287
