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Contested Waste' examines socio-environmental conflicts involving waste pickers in the Global South, uncovering the systemic injustices that underpin contemporary waste policies. Driven by the privatisation of waste management, these conflicts expose the "recycling paradox": while waste pickers make critical, uncompensated contributions to sustainability, they are further excluded.
This book analyses how modern waste policies marginalise waste pickers, triggering conflicts in cities across Africa, Latin America, and Asia. Drawing on over 70 conflicts documented in the Global Environmental Justice Atlas, the book explores how privatisation, incineration, and waste enclosures displace informal recyclers and worsen the sustainability crisis. These processes exemplify "Capital Accumulation by Dispossession," as waste streams are enclosed and privatised, excluding waste pickers, and "Capital Accumulation by Contamination," as environmental burdens are shifted onto marginalised communities. The book also showcases waste pickers' resilience as they organise to fight for justice and equitable waste systems.
Essential for scholars, policymakers, and activists in environmental justice, development, and urban studies, this book reveals the structural drivers of waste conflicts and the transformative power of grassroots resistance in shaping sustainable and inclusive urban futures.
Contents
Preface by editors
Foreword
Nohra Padilla
1. Introduction
Daniele Vico, Federico Demaria, and Lucia Fernández Gabard
AFRICA
2. Waste Management Failures and Marginalisation of Waste Pickers in Africa - Regional introduction
Amira El Halabi
3. Uncontrolled dumping and the initiative of women waste pickers: Cotonou, Benin
EJAtlas Team Member
4. Zabbaleen against corporate waste management: El Cairo, Egypt
Catherine Moughalian and Chandni Dwarkasing
5. Incinerator construction and landfill closures: Qalyubia, Egypt
Rickie Cleere
6. The new Reppie incinerator at Koshe landfill: Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Rickie Cleere
7. Koshe Landfill and biogas plant: Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Carla Petricca
8. Waste pickers of Kpone landfill fight for recognition: Accra, Ghana
EJAtlas team member, Karim Saagbul, Dorcas Ansah, and Vanessa Pillay
9. Waste pickers face repressive treatment and unsafe working conditions: Cape Coast, Ghana
Rickie Cleere and Desmond Alugnoa
10. Hazardous e-waste recycling in Agbogbloshie: Accra, Ghana
Carla Petricca, Zahra Moloo, and EJAtlas Team Member
11. Trafigura's toxic waste scandal and closure of the Akouédo dump: Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire
Zahra Moloo and EJAtlas Team Member
12. Waste pickers face harassment, exclusion, and toxic work conditions: Nakuru, Kenya
EJAtlas Team Member
13. Waste-to-energy project: Kibera, Kenya
Rickie Cleere
14. Relocation of municipal solid waste and informal waste management: Kisumu, Kenya
Layla van der Donk
15. The precarious conditions of informal recyclers at the "city of flies": Antananarivo, Madagascar
EJAtlas Team Member
16. Disputes over waste collection: Bamako, Mali
EJAtlas Team Member
17. Landfill mismanagement and waste pickers' struggle: Casablanca, Morocco
Ian Boladeres Galera, Alejandro de la Fuente Cuesta, Eduardo Veciana, Kim Hyunjung, and Emili Quintero
18. The Hulene dumpsite and waste picker protests: Maputo, Mozambique
Rickie Cleere
19. The Cleaner Lagos Initiative threatens waste picker livelihoods: Lagos, Nigeria
Rickie Cleere
20. Waste pickers of Mbeubeuss landfill fight against exclusion: Dakar, Senegal
Camila Rolando Mazzuca and EJAtlas Team Member
21. Poor waste management threatens public health and the environment: Freetown, Sierra Leone
Layla van der Donk
22. Waste pickers against privatisation: Tshwane, South Africa
Rickie Cleere
23. New England Road landfill and construction of materials recovery facility: Msunduzi, South Africa
Rickie Cleere
24. Pikitup's separation-at-source program and waste picker protests: Johannesburg, South Africa
Rickie Cleere
25. Averda's privatisation of the Genesis landfill: Johannesburg, South Africa
Rickie Cleere
26. Waste pickers struggle post-revolution: Tunisia
Chandni Dwarkasing
27. Poor waste management leads to environmental degradation and health concerns: Kampala, Uganda
Layla van der Donk
28. Waste pickers struggle for access to waste: Lusaka, Zambia
EJAtlas Team Member
MIDDLE EAST
29. The Intersectional Violence and Human Right Abuse of Waste Pickers in the Middle East - regional introduction
Amira El Halabi
30. Economic woes, plastic packaging, and child waste pickers in "Dirt Gold Mafia": Tehran, Iran
Chandni Dwarkasing
31. International cooperation improves waste-picker conditions: Northeastern Jordan
Chandni Dwarkasing
32. Waste pickers struggle for formal incorporation into legal waste-collecting framework: Ankara, Turkey
Chandni Dwarkasing
33. Waste picker challenges and opportunities: Istanbul, Turkey
Karla Grosse Kohorst, Andreas Halbig, Dijne Haaker, and Lisa Hall
ASIA PACIFIC
34. Waste alliances: An overview of Solid Waste Management dynamics in the Asia Pacific region - regional introduction
Lakshmi Narayan
35. Amin Bazar landfill threatens wetlands and farmers: Dhaka, Bangladesh
Syeda Rizwana Hasan and EJAtlas Team Member
36. Precarious informal waste recycling: Dhaka, Bangladesh
EJAtlas Team Member
37. Stung Meanchey landfill and waste pickers' struggle: Phnom Penh, Cambodia
Nina Clausager
38. Impact of waste management initiatives and waste import ban on waste pickers: China
Olakunle Sunday Olanrewaju, Chinenye Okoye-Uzu, Xiaorong Li, and Shuhan Xu
39. Okhla waste-to-energy plant: Delhi, India
Swapan Kumar Patra, Federico Demaria, and Joan Martinez-Alier
40. Waste-to-energy plant and Ghazipur landfill closure threaten informal recyclers' livelihoods: Delhi, India
EJAtlas Team Member
41. Arson at Bengaluru's dry-waste collection centre: Karnataka State, India
Alina Zafar, María Pérez Manzano, Shuran Mo, Amanda Restu Hamirani, and Dea Ruçaj
42. Bantar Gebang landfill: Jakarta, Indonesia
Nina Clausager
43. Protests against plan for multiple incinerators: Bandung, Indonesia
Nina Clausager
44. Waste pickers risk losing livelihood as landfills modernise: Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
EJAtlas Team Member
45. River pollution and waste pickers' struggle for recognition: Kathmandu, Nepal
EJAtlas Team Member
46. Marginalised informal recycling and waste-to-energy: Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan
EJAtlas Team Member
47. Exploitation of child waste pickers: Karachi, Pakistan
Daniele Vico and Layla van der Donk
48. Protesters resist planned incinerators despite national ban: Quezon City, Philippines
Nina Clausager
49. Hazardous garbage dumping and new waste-to-energy projects: Colombo, Sri Lanka
EJAtlas Team Member
50. Incineration and hazardous informal recycling: Hanoi, Vietnam
EJAtlas Team Member
LATIN AMERICA
51. "We cannot find another job!" An introduction to Latin America
Lucía Fernández Gabard
52. Ban on animal-drawn carts: Berazategui, Argentina
Valeria Calvas
53. City installs "anti-poor" waste containers contrary to waste picker rights: Buenos Aires, Argentina
Valeria Calvas
54. The state company (CEAMSE) and waste management: Buenos Aires, Argentina
Lucrecia Wagner
55. Aurá dump and the struggle of Belém's informal waste pickers: Pará, Brazil
EJAtlas Team Member
56. Waste pickers struggles and water contamination in Jardim Gramacho: Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
EJAtlas Team Member
57. Residents and waste pickers of Sarzedo struggle against incinerators: Minas Gerais, Brazil
EJAtlas Team Member
58. Incinerating urban solid waste in Barueri: São Paulo, Brazil
EJAtlas Team Member
59. Waste pickers mobilise against the carbonisation of solid waste: Rondônia, Brazil
EJAtlas Team Member
60. Waste pickers fight against incinerator in Mauá: São Paulo, Brazil
Marcos Todt and EJAtlas Team Member
61. Prohibition of animal- and human-drawn vehicles: Porto Alegre, Brazil
Marcos Todt and Alexandro Cardoso
62. Waste incineration in Curitiba: Paraná, Brazil
Marcos Todt
63. Waste pickers against pollution and public policy: Federal District, Brazil
Francisco Venes and Grettel Navas
64. City hall hampers activities of waste picker cooperatives: São Paulo, Brazil
Marcos Todt
65. Waste pickers mobilisation against incinerator in São Bernardo do Campo: São Paulo, Brazil
Alice Kasznar and EJAtlas Team Member
66. Policy change puts inclusive waste pickers' labour practices at risk: Bogota, Colombia
Valeria Calvas
67. Waste pickers fight exclusion at eco-park Rafey: Santiago, Dominican Republic
EJAtlas Team Member
68. Waste pickers face insecurity and toxic conditions at Zona 3 dumpsite: Guate, Guatemala
EJAtlas Team Member
69. Garbage woes and attempts to include waste pickers: Georgetown, Guyana
EJAtlas Team Member
70. Waste pickers fight for formalisation and the right to work: Mérida, Mexico
Marcos Todt
71. Veolia waste-to-energy incineration plant: Mexico City, Mexico
Valeria Calvas
72. The La Chureca dumpsite enclosure: Managua, Nicaragua
EJAtlas Team Member
73. Waste pickers fight for labour and human rights: Cerro Patacón, Panama
Joseph Carter, Isobel Bishai, Kaoutar Haddouti, Lucas Leitz, Eleonore (Yi-Hsin) Hung, and Ghina Sawan
74. Waste pickers lose access to recyclable waste from closure of dumpsite: Panama
Valeria Calvas
75. Ban on animal-drawn carts jeopardises waste picker livelihoods: Montevideo, Uruguay
Valeria Calvas
76. The landfill of Cambalache: Ciudad Guayana, Venezuela
Emiliano Teran Mantovani
77. Afterword
Additional annotated bibliography
ANNEX 1 Resolution 5: Just Transition for International Campaign to Promote Integration in Waste Management and Strong Social Safety Net
ANNEX 2 Constitution of the International Alliance of Waste Pickers
