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Full Description
In the 1960s and early 1970s, converging scientific and social movements had generated increasing concern over the meaning of the term intelligence. Traditional definitions, rooted in the history of intelligence testing and school selection practices, had come under challenge as experimental psychology turned increasingly to the study of human cognitive processes and as understanding of the influence of culture on patterns of thinking grew.
Originally published in 1976, the theme of the book is an examination of cognitive and adaptive processes involved in intelligent behavior and a look at how these processes might be related to tested intelligence. The book contains sections on intelligence from the psychometric viewpoint, computer simulations of intelligent behavior, studies of intelligence as social and biological adaptation, and intelligence analyzed in terms of basic cognitive processes. In a number of the chapters the constructs and methods of modern information-processing psychology are used in their analyses of intelligence. As the reader will discover, the divisions of the book do not necessarily represent competing viewpoints, but rather multiple windows on the phenomenon of human intelligence. Today it can be read and enjoyed in its historical context.
Contents
Preface. 1. Introduction: Changing Conceptions of Intelligence Lauren B. Resnick Part I: Cognition and Intelligence in the Psychometric Tradition 2. The Intelligence We Test - An Evolving Concept Leona E. Tyler 3. Psychometric Tests as Cognitive Tasks: A New "Structure of Intellect" John B. Carroll 4. Who Needs General Intelligence? William W. Cooley Part II: Computer Simulation in the Study of Intelligence 5. Identifying Basic Abilities Underlying Intelligent Performance of Complex Tasks Herbert A. Simon 6. Steps Toward the Simulation of Intellect Development David Klahr 7. General, Academic, and Artificial Intelligence Ulric Neisser Part III: Intelligence as Adaptation 8. Human Intelligence as Adaptation: An Ethological Approach William R. Charlesworth 9. The Nature of Intelligent Behavior: Questions Raised by Cross-Cultural Studies Jacqueline J. Goodnow 10. Culture, Technology, and Intellect David R. Olson Part IV: Basic Processes in Intelligence 11. Problem Solving and Intelligence Lauren B. Resnick and Robert Glaser 12. Metacognitive Aspects of Problem Solving John H. Flavell 13. Varieties of Cognitive Power Earl Hunt 14. Language and Intelligence Janellen Huttenlocher 15. Language Comprehension and the Deverbalization of Intelligence Charles A. Perfetti Part V: General Considerations for the Nature of Intelligence 16. Intelligence and Cognitive Psychology W. K. Estes 17. The Nature of "The Nature of Intelligence" James F. Voss 18. Ordinal Scales of Infant Development and the Nature of Intelligence J. McVicker Hunt 19. A Factor Model for Research on Intelligence and Problem Solving Lloyd G. Humphreys 20. The Processes of Intelligence and Education Robert Glaser. Author Index. Subject Index.
