Chasing Shadows : Mathematics, Astronomy, and the Early History of Eclipse Reckoning (Johns Hopkins Studies in the History of Mathematics)

Montelle, Clemency

Johns Hopkins University Press（2011/07発売）

• 製本 Hardcover:ハードカバー版／ページ数 424 p.
• 言語 ENG
• 商品コード 9780801896910
• DDC分類 523.38

基本説明

Examines the ways in which theoretical understanding of eclipses originated and how ancient and medieval cultures shared, developed, and preserved their knowledge of these awe-inspiring events.

Full Description

Lunar and solar eclipses have always fascinated human beings. Digging deep into history, Clemency Montelle examines the ways in which theoretical understanding of eclipses originated and how ancient and medieval cultures shared, developed, and preserved their knowledge of these awe-inspiring events. Eclipses were the celestial phenomena most challenging to understand in the ancient world. Montelle draws on original research-much of it derived from reading primary source material written in Akkadian and Sanskrit, as well as ancient Greek, Latin, and Arabic-to explore how observers in Babylon, the Islamic Near East, Greece, and India developed new astronomical and mathematical techniques to predict and describe the features of eclipses. She identifies the profound scientific discoveries of these four cultures and discusses how the societies exchanged information about eclipses. In constructing this history, Montelle establishes a clear pattern of the transmission of scientific ideas from one culture to another in the ancient and medieval world. Chasing Shadows is an invitingly written and highly informative exploration of the early history of astronomy.

Contents

Preface
1. Heavenly Hide and Seek: An Introduction to Eclipse Reckoning in Early Times
1.1. Development and Cross-Cultural Transmission
1.2. Eclipses and Their Human Significance
1.3. Observation and Theory
1.4. Aims of This Study
2. The Rudiments of Alignment: Basic Eclipse Theory
2.1. The Moon and the Sun
2.2. Eclipses
2.3. Prediction and Patterns of Eclipses
2.4. The Celestial Sphere
2.5. Mathematical Conventions
3. An Accountancy of Appearances: Mesopotamian Eclipse Reckoning
3.1. Overview
3.2. The Earliest Accounting for Eclipses: Enuma Anu Enlil
3.3. Assyrian Eclipse Reckoning: The Letters and Reports
3.4. Babylonian Eclipse Reckoning
4. Beyond the Appearances: Greek Eclipse Reckoning
4.1. Overview
4.2. Early Greek Geometrical Celestial Conceptions
4.3. Sizes, Distances, and Measurement: Aristarchus and Archimedes
4.4. Early Greek Mathematical Astronomy
4.5. The Peak of Greek Mathematical Astronomy
4.6. Omens in Greek and Hellenistic Sources
5. Recipient and Remoceler: Indian Eclipse Reckoning
5.1. Overview
5.2. General Features of Eclipse Reckoning in India
5.3. Eclipses as Omens
5.4. Eclipse Observation Records in Inscriptions
5.5. Eclipse Reckoning in Indian Texts with Greco-Babylonian Influence: The Pancasiddhantika of Varahamihira
5.6. Eclipse Reckoning from the Fifth to the Tenth Century
5.7. Paramesvara and the Astronomical School in Kerala
6. A Science of Configuration: Arabic Eclipse Reckoning
6.1. Overview
6.2. General Features of Eclipse Reckoning in the Islamic Near East
6.3. Major Contributions to Islamic Eclipse Reckoning
7. Concluding Remarks
Appendixes
A. Abbreviations and Conventions
B. A Comparison of NMAT and MAT Eclipse Predictions
C. The Eclipse Tables in the Wajiz of al-Khazini
Notes
Glossary
Bibliography
Index