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Full Description
Why have state-building projects across the MENA region proven to be so difficult for so long? Following the end of the Ottoman Empire in the early 1920s, the countries of the region began a violent and divisive process of state formation. But a century later, state-building remains inconclusive.
This book traces the emergence and evolution of state-building across the MENA region and identifies the main factors that impeded its success: the slow end of the Ottoman Empire; the experience of colonialism; and the rise of nationalistic and religious movements. The authors reveal the ways in which the post-colonial state proved itself authoritarian and formed on the model of the colonial state. They also identify the nationalist and Islamist movements that competed for political leadership across the nascent systems, enabling the military to establish a grip on the security apparatus and national economies. Finally, in the context of the Arab Spring and its conflict-filled aftermath, this book shows how external powers reasserted their interventionism. In outlining the reasons why regional states remained hollow and devoid of legitimacy, each of the contributors shows that recent conflicts and crises are deeply connected to the foundational period of one century ago.
Edited by Mohammad-Mahmoud Ould Mohamedou, the volume features contributions by stellar scholars including Faleh Abdel Jabar, Lisa Anderson, Bertrand Badie, François Burgat, Benoit Challand, Ahmad Khalidi, Henry Laurens, Bruce Rutherford, Jordi Tejel and Ghassan Salamé.
Contents
Acknowledgements
Foreword, Lisa Anderson
Part One - Foundations and Legacies
1. A Century of Elusive State-Building in the Middle East and North Africa: From the Balfour Declaration of 1917 to the Deal of the Century of 2020, Mohammad-Mahmoud Ould Mohamedou
2. "The Western Question", Henry Laurens
3. From the Twilight of the Ottoman Empire to the 'Caliphate' Redux: The Tortuous Journey of Arab Statehood, Benoît Challand
Part Two - Irresolution and Absences
4. A State in Search of a Nation: The Case of Iraq, Faleh Abdel Jabar
5. One Hundred Years of the Palestinian National Movement, Ahmad Samih Khalidi
6. Permanent Irresolution of the Kurdish Question, Jordi Tejel
Part Three - Reinventions and Returns
7. Egypt's Post-Arab Spring Neo-Authoritarianism, Bruce Rutherford
8. Armed Militancy and Alternative Statehood: Al Qaeda, the Islamic State and the Rise of Revolutionary Islamism, François Burgat
9. "Authoritarianism, Weakness and the New Great Game", Bertrand Badie
Conclusion, "Longing for the State, Mistrusting the State", Ghassan Salamé
