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The period between 1880 and 1914, the subject of this volume, sees increasing questioning of free trade, especially in those sectors impacted adversely by foreign competition, and within political circles, where the notion of protecting native industries shifted from an agricultural to an industrial base. There was a greater willingness, especially in the Conservative party, to consider it as a viable policy. The 'constituencies' or interest groups created by free trade however defended it fiercely among the Liberal party and in manufacturing industries, primarily those highly dependent on export markets. Debates on commercial policy in this period had another dimension which had been subsidiary in earlier periods—the colonial empire and the economic, political, and cultural ties with it promoted. The period between 1880 and 1914 was one where the language of empire was at its height and the economic relationship between the Mother Country and the colonies entered political debate in a forceful way.
The sources include several petitions from parliamentary papers attacking the system of commercial treaties pursued by the British government. Towards this end, extracts from the journal Fair Trade, and a body of newspaper material detailing extra-parliamentary movements against free trade, from the Leeds Mercury, Glasgow Herald, Pall Mall Gazette, and Daily Mail, are also included. Making the transition to the early twentieth century and the rise of the labour movement, printed sources such as Fabian tracts on tariff reform, as well as material from the International Free Trade Congress, are incorporated.
Contents
Volume 3: 1880-1914
General Introduction
Volume 3 Introduction
1. Extract from W. Cunningham, The Growth of English Industry and Commerce in Modern Times: laissez faire
2. Editorial on Mr. Wheelhouse's Parliamentary Motion, Huddersfield Daily Chronicle
3. 'British Trade with France', Glasgow Herald
4. H. E. Crum-Ewing to Earl Granville, 29 November 1880, H. E. Crum-Ewing to Joseph Chamberlain, 29 November 1880, Evelyn Ashley to Messrs. Monteith & Kelly, 2 December 1880, Evelyn Ashley to T. D. Hill, 2 December 1880
5. 'The Sugar Bounties Question. Professor Fawcett, Lord Derby, and Mr. Stewart M. P. on Bounties'
6. 'Commercial Treaties', Newcastle Courant
7. Memorial of the Association of Chambers of Commerce of the United Kingdom. To the Right Honourable Earl Granville, K.G., Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs, 8 June 1881, in Representations from Chambers of Commerce and other commercial associations relative to the proposed new Commercial Treaty with France and the French tariff.
8. 'Fair Trade', North-Eastern Daily Gazette for Middlesborough
9. 'The Protectionists' New Departure', Pall Mall Gazette: An Evening Newspaper and Review
10. Extract from Agatha Ramm (ed.), The Political Correspondence of Mr. Gladstone and Lord Granville, 1876-1886
11. 'Mr. Gladstone and the National Fair Trade League', Leeds Mercury; Morning Post
12. Samuel Duncan to Winston Churchill, 19 October 1903
13. 'Fair Trade meeting in the City of London', Hampshire Advertiser
14. Extracts from Fair-Trade: a Weekly Journal devoted to Industry and Commerce
15. 'The Government Defeat', Fair-Trade: a Weekly Journal devoted to Industry and Commerce
16. 'Fair Trade', Daily News
17. 'Election results', Fair-Trade: a Weekly Journal devoted to Industry and Commerce
18. 'The Fair Trade Bubble Pricked', The North-Eastern Daily Gazette for Middlesborough
19. Peripatetic, 'The National "Fair Trade League"', Cambridge Independent Press and University Herald
20. Samuel Cunliffe Lister, England's Folly: a paper read before the Silk Section of the Jubilee Exhibition, at Manchester, 21 October, 1887
21. Extract from 'Lord R. Churchill on Fair Trade', Standard
22. Lord Salisbury to George Goschen, 18 November 1887
23. 'Conservative Conference at Oxford: the Free Trade Question', Essex Standard
24. 'John Bright - Past and Present', Reynolds's Newspaper
25. Harry Quelch, 'Protection and Poverty', Justice
26. Goldwin Smith to Lord Farrer, 22 and 30 June 1892
27. 'Lord Salisbury's attitude to Free Trade', Pall Mall Gazette
28. Extract from F. P. de Labilliere, Federal Britain; or, Unity and Federation of the Empire
29. 'Mr. Keir Hardie on the Labour Party', Birmingham Daily Post; 'Labour Politics', Reynolds's Newspaper
30. J. H. Round, 'The Protectionist Revival'
31. Goldwin Smith to Lord Farrer, 28 July 1896; Lord Farrer to Goldwin Smith, 9 August 1896; Goldwin Smith to Lord Farrer, 22 September 1896
32. Sidney Low, 'The Decline of Cobdenism'
33. Lawrence C. Tipper to Winston S. Churchill, 3 November 1902 & Lord Dudley to Winston Churchill, 9 November 1902
34. 'A Tariff League: Important Declarations', Henley Advertiser
35. J. A. Hobson, 'The Inner Meaning of Protectionism'
36. Charles Ritchie to Winston Churchill, 1 June 1903 & Lord Hugh Cecil to Winston S. Churchill, 3 June 1903
37. Extract from Beatrice Webb Typescript Diary, 2 January 1901-10 February 1911
38. 'The Man in the Street and Mr. Chamberlain' and 'Our Walking Inquirers', Daily Mail
39. 'The Food Taxes in East Anglia' and 'Our Walking Inquirers', Daily Mail
40. Alexander M. Thompson, 'The Trade Union Congress'; Fred Knee, 'The Trades Union Congress'
41. George Bernard Shaw, Fabianism and the Fiscal Question: an Alternative Policy
42. 'Prime Minister's Manifesto: Address to Stirling Electors: Record of the Late Government'; 'Free Fooders' Election Addresses: the bogus cry of Home Rule'; 'Mr. Loe Strachey on the issue', Westminster Gazette
43. Lord Lansdowne to Arthur Balfour, 28 January & 4 February 1906
44. J. Bruce Glasier, 'The Old Toryism'
45. Extract from W. A. S. Hewins, The Apologia of an Imperialist: Forty Years of the Empire Policy
46. Extract from W. A. S. Hewins, The Apologia of an Imperialist: Forty Years of the Empire Policy
47. Editorial, Morning Post
48. J. Keir Hardie, 'Foreword' in A. Cobden-Sanderson, Richard Cobden, and the Land of the People
49. Tariff Reform League, 'Introduction: the Policy of the Tariff Reform League'
50. Extract from Beatrice Webb Typescript Diary, 2 January 1901-10 February 1911.
51. W. A. S. Hewins, 'Tariff Reform and the Political Situation'
52. 'What Lancashire Thinks', Jarrow Express & Tyneside Advertiser
53. 'No Referendum on Tariff Reform: Mr. Bonar Law on Unionist Policy. The Truth as to Food Duties, Agreement with the Colonies, No Increase in Cost of Living', London Evening Standard
54. 'Method and Principle: Tariff Reform League & Edinburgh Policy', The Globe
55. Letter of 'Free Trader', Wiltshire Times and Trowbridge Advertiser
56. 'Politicians all Patriots', West London Observer: the County Paper for Middlesex and Surrey
Index
