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Full Description
In the nineteenth century, German Liberalism grew into a powerful political movement vociferous in its demands for the freedom of the individual, for changes to allow the participation of all men in the political system and for a fundamental reform of the German states. As elsewhere in Europe, Liberalism was linked not only with a strong social commitment, but also with the formation of a national state. In this concise and authoritative study of liberalism in German, Dieter Langewiesche analyses the foundation and development of German liberalism from the nineteenth to the twentieth century. He takes into account the most recent research and scholarship in this field, examining the role of individual German states, the local roots of liberalism, the links between liberalism and its social bases of support, especially from bourgeois groups, and the forms of political organisation adopted by the liberals. The author addresses issues fundamental to an understanding of liberalism in Germany and the formation of the modern German state.
Contents
List of Tables and DiagramsAbbreviationsIntroductionPART ONE: EARLY LIBERALISM AND 'MIDDLE-CLASS SOCIETY'Early Liberalism as a Political Constitutional MovementBureaucratic LiberalismPolitical and Social Models of the Liberal MovementThe Organization and Social Profile of Early LiberalismImages of the Revolution: Limiting the RevolutionLiberal Parliamentary PoliticsLiberals in the Extra-Parliamentary Revolutionary MovementFundamental Liberal Positions on the Imperial ConstitutionPART THREE: LIBERALISM BETWEEN THE REVOLUTION AND THE REICHSGRUENDUNG1849-1858, The Decade of Reaction'Unity' and 'Freedom'? Liberalism and the ReichsgrundungPART FOUR: THE NATION STATE, INDUSTRIAL SOCIETY AND WELTPOLITIK: LIBERALS IN THE GERMAN KAISERREICHSocial and Political ChangesParties, Voters, Members, Pressure Groups: the 'Liberal Milieu', 1871-1918The 'Liberal Era' and the Shock of the 'Second Reichsgrundung'The State, the Church and the KulturkampfAnti-Socialism, Social Policies, Liberal Social ModelsLiberalism and Municipal PoliticsWeltpolitik and Internal Reform: The Wilhelmine EraWar Aims and Aims for Reform: Liberals during the First World WarThe Overburdened RepublicParty Organization, Voters and Pressure Groups: the Dissolution of the 'Liberal Milieu'Liberal Programmes and Political PracticeLiberals Before and After 1933: Taking Stock and the Outlook for the FutureTables and DiagramsNotesSelect Bibliography
