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Full Description
This book is a collection of original research papers given at a symposium entitled "Sensory Systems and Behavior of Aquatic Mammals", hosted by the USSR Academy of Sciences. The meeting was held in Moscow from 16 to 25 October, 1991 and involved nearly 100 scientists from around the world. The major headings of the book correspond to the session topics at the symposium. This meeting was not the first dedicated to problems of sensory systems in aquatic mammals. Experts in this field met several times previously to discuss important problems of sensory functions in echolocating animals. symposia on biosonar systems were held in Frascati, Italy in 1966, then in Jersey, France in 1978, and in Helsingor, Denmark in 1986. Papers presented at these meetings were pUblished in books that advanced significantly the understanding of sensory systems (Busnel and Fish, 1980; Nachtigall and Moore, 1988). Initially, echolocating bats were the main subjects of consideration. However, studies on echolocating aquatic mammals, whales and dolphins, increased from one meeting to the next. Indeed, aquatic mammals are of exceptional interest for studying the adaptation of sensory functions for echolocation in specific aquatic environments. As a natural consequence of these developments, the 1989 symposium in Rome was devoted specifically to the sensory systems of cetaceans (Thomas and Kastelein, 1990). This symposium was held within the Fifth International Theriological Congress and was attended by many scientists.
Contents
Morphological and Histochemical Features of Odontocete Visual Neocortex: Immunocytochemical Analysis of Pyramidal and NonPyramidal Populations of Neurons.- Fiber Analysis of the Optic and Cochlear Nerves of Small Cetaceans.- The Cetacean Ear: Form, Frequency, and Evolution.- Structure, Function, and Adaptation of the Manatee Ear.- The Cornea as an Optical Element in the Cetacean Eye.- Micromapping of the Fur Seal's Somatosensory Cerebral Cortex.- Retinal Topography in the Walrus (Odobenus rosmarus divergence) and Fur Seal (Callorhinus ursinus).- Histological Characteristics and Distribution of Ganglion Cells In the Retinae of the Dall's Porpoise and Minke Whale.- Functional Anatomy of the Nasal System in the Bottlenose Dolphin.- Prenatal Development of the Peripheral Part of the Auditory System in Mammals of Different Ecology.- Auditory Brainstem Responses in the Harbor Porpoise (Phocoena phocoena).- Auditory Sensitivity of a Chinese River Dolphin, Lipotes vexillifer.- Periphery Auditory Analysis of Short Acoustic Pulses in Dolphins.- Mechanisms of Signal Discrimination and Identification in the Auditory System of Tursiops truncatus.- Detection of Tone Glides by the Beluga Whale.- Underwater Hearing in Seals: The Role of the Outer Ear.- Electrophysiological Study of the Interaural Intensity Difference and Interaural Time-Delay in Dolphins.- Electrophysiological Study of Sound Conduction in Dolphins.- Selective Hearing Adaptation to Paired Pulses in Tursiops truncatus.- Frequency Resolving Power of The Auditory System in a Bottlenose Dolphin (Tursiops truncatus).- Low-Frequency Phase Sensitivity in the Auditory System of a Dolphin.- The Rate with which a Harbor Porpoise Uses Echolocation at Night.- The Line Segment Transform and Sequential Hypothesis Testing inDolphin Echolocation.- Target Sonar Discrimination Cues.- Role of Echolocation in Organization of Goal-Directed Behavior in Dolphins.- A Language to Describe the Structure of Pulsed Sounds in the Bottlenose Dolphins (Tursiops truncatus Montagu).- The Functioning of the Echolocation System of Tursiopstruncatus during Noise Masking.- Possible Relationship between Oceanographic Conditions and Long-Range Target Detection by a False Killer Whale.- Discrimination of Spherical Targets by a Bottlenose Dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) in the Presence of Interfering Cylinders.- Individual Signals of Belugas Associated with Hunting Behavior in the White Sea.- Underwater Acoustic Displays by Male Harbor Seals (Phoca vitulina): Initial Results.- Humpback Whale Song: Our Current Understanding.- Airborne Acoustic Communication in the Hawaiian Monk Seal (Monachus schauinslandi).- Acoustic Signalling in Mother-Pup Reunions, Interspecies Bonding, and Affiliation by Kinship in California Sea Lions (Zalophus californianus).- Seismic Communication in Northern Elephant Seals.- Stereotyped Signalization of the Bottlenose Dolphin: Role of Social Factors.- New Optical and Acoustic System to Study Perception and Motor-Control of a Tursiops truncatus.- Multi-Scale Communication by Vertebrates.- A Small Video Camera Attached to a Weddell Seal: A New Way to Observe Diving Behavior.- Combinatorial Relationships Learned by a Language-Trained Sea Lion.- Cetacean Detection and Responses to Fishing Gear.- Cognition and Decision-Making by a California Sea Lion (Zalophus californianus) in Visual Discrimination Tests.- Effects of Adding Sounds to Cod Traps on the Probability of Collisions by Humpback Whales.- Echoic-Visual Cross-Modal Recognition by a Dolphin.- Orientation of Humpback Whales (Megaptera novaeancrliae) and Minke Whales (Balaenoptera acutorostrata) to Acoustic Alarm Devices Designed to Reduce Entrapment in Fishing Gear.- Bioacoustics: Standardization, Reference Levels and Data Notation for Underwater Sound Measurements.- Dolphin Detection and Conceptualization of Symmetry.- Human-Marine Mammal Contact during Experimental Conditions: Modifications in Behavior of the Participants.
