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Full Description
Concepts like extremism and radicalization are highly contested. Their definitions matter, because they influence how we study extremism and radicalization and, in the long run, how these are perceived in the public debate. Rather than adding more definitions, this book explores the underlying challenging conceptual issues in defining, interpreting, and operationalizing notions such as extremism, radicalization, fanaticism, and terrorism. It explores four crucial questions. First, how should each of these extreme phenomena be defined, and what are the desiderata in seeking definitions of each of them? Second, how should the project of defining and conceptualizing these phenomena be undertaken: in terms of necessary and sufficient conditions, or family resemblances, or common understandings in the public debate, or something else? Third, what is the role of normativity in defining these extreme phenomena, that is, the proper place of normative or even pejorative concepts and the normative framework of the researcher? Fourth and finally, how do the phenomena of extremism, fanaticism, fundamentalism, terrorism, and conspiracism relate to one another and to things such as apocalypticism, nationalism, cults, charisma, and state terror? Written by global, multidisciplinary experts, this text lays the conceptual groundwork that the other volumes in the Extreme Belief and Behavior Series will build on.
Contents
Introduction
Rik Peels and John Horgan
I On Defining, Analyzing, and Normativity
Chapter 1: Extreme Beliefs as Unshakable Identity Beliefs
Lisa Bortolotti
Chapter 2: Who Do We Need to Historicize Terrorism, and How Should We Do It?
Beatrice de Graaf
Chapter 3: How to Do Things with Norms: Empirical and Normative Research on Extreme Beliefs and Social Identities
Juliette R. de Wit and Boudewijn de Bruin
Chapter 4: Are Conspiracy Theories Just Theories about Conspiracies?
M R. X. Dentith
Chapter 5: The Bonds of Belief: The Relationship between Terrorism and Ideology
Donald Holbrook
II Particular Definitions
Chapter 6: The Fundamentalism Matrix: A Tool for Defining, Mapping, and Operationalizing Fundamentalism
Nora Kindermann, Rik Peels, and Anke I. Liefbroer
Chapter 7: Defining Conspiracy Theory and Related Terms
Joseph Uscinski
Chapter 8: Fundamentalism
Steve Bruce
Chapter 9: Conceptualizing Fanaticism
Max Taylor
Chapter 10: The Language Game: The Relationship between Radicalization and Extremism
Michele Grossman
Chapter 11: Extremism and Ideology
Leor Zmigrod and Arie Kruglanski
Chapter 12: Terrorism
Leena Malkki
III Mapping Relations
Chapter 13: Extremism, Fanaticism, Fundamentalism, Terrorism: A Conceptual Map
Rik Peels, Ruth Rebecca Tietjen, John Horgan, and J. M. Berger
Chapter 14: The Puzzle of State Extremism
Jonathan Leader Maynard
Chapter 15: Fundamentalism and Extremism: A Philosophical Analysis
Quassim Cassam
Chapter 16: Extreme Beliefs and Echo Chambers
Finlay Malcolm and Chris Ranalli
Chapter 17: A Politics of Stasis: Temporal Framing and Extreme Political Beliefs
Nomi Claire Lazar
Chapter 18: The Second Risk: The Dangerous Dynamics of Totalist Systems
Alexandra Stein
Chapter 19: Affective Polarization, Wholeheartedness, and Fanaticism
Alessandra Tanesini
Epilogue
Rik Peels and John Horgan
Index
