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Full Description
"A runaway trolley is speeding down a track" So begins what is perhaps the most fecund thought experiment of the past several decades since its invention by Philippa Foot. Since then, moral philosophers have applied the "trolley problem" as a thought experiment to study many different ethical conflicts - and chief among them is the programming of autonomous vehicles. Nowadays, however, very few philosophers accept that the trolley problem is a perfect analogy for driverless cars or that the situations autonomous vehicles face will resemble the forced choice of the unlucky bystander in the original thought experiment.
This book represents a substantial and purposeful effort to move the academic discussion beyond the trolley problem to the broader ethical, legal, and social implications that autonomous vehicles present. There are still urgent questions waiting to be addressed, for example: how AVs might interact with human drivers in mixed or "hybrid" traffic environments; how AVs might reshape our urban landscapes; what unique security or privacy concerns are raised by AVs as connected devices in the "Internet of Things"; how the benefits and burdens of this new technology, including mobility, traffic congestion, and pollution, will be distributed throughout society; and more.
An attempt to map the landscape of these next-generation questions and to suggest preliminary answers, this volume draws on the disciplines of philosophy, sociology, economics, urban planning and transportation engineering, business ethics and more, and represents a global range of perspectives.
Contents
Acknowledgments
Contributors
Introduction
PART I Autonomous Vehicles and Trolley Problems
Introduction by David Cerný
Chapter 1. Ethics and Risk Distribution for Autonomous Vehicles
Nicholas G. Evans
Chapter 2. Autonomous Vehicles, the Badness of Death, and Discrimination
David Cerný
Chapter 3. Automated Vehicles and the Ethics of Classification
Geoff Keeling
Chapter 4. Trolleys and Autonomous Vehicles: New Foundations for the Ethics of Machine Learning
Jeff Behrends and John Basl
Chapter 5. The Trolley Problem and the Ethics of Autonomous Vehicles in the Eyes of the Public: Experimental Evidence
Akira Inoue, Kazumi Shimizu, Daisuke Udagawa, and Yoshiki Wakamatsu
Chapter 6. Autonomous Vehicles in Drivers' School: A Non- Western Perspective
Soraj Hongladarom and Daniel D. Novotný
Chapter 7. Autonomous Vehicles and Normative Pluralism
Saul Smilansky
Chapter 8. Discrimination in Algorithmic Trolley Problems
Derek Leben
PART II Ethical Issues Beyond the Trolley Problem
Introduction by Ryan Jenkins
Chapter 9. Unintended Externalities of Highly Automated Vehicles
Jeffrey K. Gurney
Chapter 10. The Politics of Self- Driving Cars: Soft Ethics, Hard Law, Big Business, Social Norms
Ugo Pagallo
Chapter 11. Autonomous Vehicles and Ethical Settings: Who Should Decide?
Paul Formosa
Chapter 12. Algorithms of Life and Death: A Utilitarian Approach to the Ethics of Self- Driving Cars
Stephen Bennett
Chapter 13. Autonomous Vehicles, Business Ethics, and Risk Distribution in Hybrid Traffic
Brian Berkey
Chapter 14. An Epistemic Approach to Cultivating Appropriate Trust in Autonomous Vehicles
Kendra Chilson
Chapter 15. How Soon Is Now?: On the Timing and Conditions for Adopting Widespread Use of Autonomous Vehicles
Leonard Kahn
Chapter 16. The Ethics of Abuse and Unintended Consequences for Autonomous Vehicles
Keith Abney
PART III Perspectives from Political Philosophy
Introduction by Tomá Hríbek
Chapter 17. Distributive Justice, Institutionalism, and Autonomous Vehicles
Patrick Taylor Smith
Chapter 18. Autonomous Vehicles and the Basic Structure of Society
Veljko Dubljevic and William A. Bauer
Chapter 19. Supply Chains, Work Alternatives, and Autonomous Vehicles
Luke Golemon, Fritz Allhoff, and T. J. Broy
Chapter 20. Can Autonomous Cars Deliver Equity?
Anne Brown
Chapter 21. Making Autonomous Vehicle Technologies Matter: Ensuring Equitable Access and Opportunity
Madhu C. Dutta- Koehler and Jennifer Hatch
Part IV Autonomous Vehicle Technology in The City
Introduction by Tomá%s Hríbek
Chapter 22. Fixing Congestion for Whom? The Distribution of Autonomous Vehicles' Effects on Congestion
Carole Turley Voulgaris
Chapter 23. Fulfilling the Promise of Autonomous Vehicles with a New Ethics of Transportation
Beaudry Kock and Yolanda Lannquist
Chapter 24. Ethics, Autonomous Vehicles, and the Future City
Jason Borenstein, John Bucher, and Joseph Herkert
Chapter 25. The Autonomous Vehicle in Asian Cities: Opportunities for Gender Equity, Convivial Urban Relations, and Public Safety in Seoul and Singapore
Jeffrey K. H. Chan and Jiwon Shim
Chapter 26. Autonomous Vehicles, the Driverless City, and the Pedestrian City
Tomá%s Hríbek
Appendix 1: Varieties of Trolley Pessimism
Jeff Behrends and John Basl
