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Lightning, hail, floods, drought, tornadoes, blizzards, and ice stormsCanada's climate can be extreme. Many Canadians concern themselves with the weather out of interest, necessity, and concern. Given the inevitable changes in our global climate, there is great interest in how our weather is being affected. Before the influence of climate change can be understood; however, a concise, comprehensive and accurate understanding of the historical and contemporary weather extremes in Canada is needed. Enter Severe and Hazardous Weather in Canada: The Geography of Extreme Events, a text that provides students of physical geography, climatology, meteorology, and natural hazards with the what, where, when, and why of Canadian weather. Taking a non-scientific approach, the text describes weather phenomena and their spatial distribution in Canada, and gives an explanation for spatial trends. The result is an engaging, one-of-a-kind look at the past and present of severe weather in Canada.
Contents
Foreword ; 1. Introduction to Severe Weather and Hazardous Weather in Canada ; i. Introduction ; ii. The Context of Natural Hazards ; a. Natural Disasters Versus Natural Hazards ; iii. How is Severe Weather Defined and Classified? ; iv. Introduction to Atmospheric Hazards in Canada ; v. Canadian Disaster Mitigation, Preparedness, Response and Recovery Activities ; vi. Link to Climate Change and Natural Climatic Oscillations ; vii. Chapter Summary ; 2. Severe Weather Forecasting ; i. Introduction ; ii. Weather Forecast Quality ; iii. The Way It Was ; iv. The Forecasting Procedure ; a. Data Acquisition ; b. Weather Forecasting Models ; c. Canadian "Ensemble Prediction System" ; v. Radar Technology ; vi. Satellite Imagery ; vii. The Canadian Lightning Detection Network ; viii. Seasonal Forecasts ; ix. How and What Warnings are Issued? ; x. "Citizen Forecasts" ; xi. Forecasting to the North ; xii. Chapter Summary ; 3. Severe "Winter" Weather ; i. Introduction ; ii. Causes of Storms ; iii. Winter Storm Tracks ; iv: Wreckhouse Winds ; v. Alberta Clippers ; vi. Nor'easters ; vii. Chinook Winds ; viii. Snow ; a. Notable Canadian Snowstorms ; ix. Blizzards ; a. Notable Canadian Blizzards ; x. Ice Storms ; a. The 1998 Ice Storm ; xi. Cold and Wind Chill ; a. So Cold that Niagara Falls Freezes? ; b. Visualizing the Cold ; xii. Black Ice ; xiii. Winter Weather and a Changing Climate ; xiv. Looking Ahead ; xv. Chapter Summary ; 4. Severe "Summer" Weather ; i. Introduction ; ii. Summer Storm Tracks ; iii. Heat ; a. Urban Heat Island Effect ; iv. Humidity ; v. Smog ; vi. Thunderstorms ; vii. Hail ; viii. Tornadoes ; ix. Lightning ; x. Climate change and Severe Summer Weather ; xi Chapter Summary ; 5. Water: Too Much or Not Enough ; i. Introduction ; ii. Heavy Precipitation Events ; a. Processes ; iii. Floods ; a. Causes and Examples of Flooding ; b. Flood Management ; iv. Fog ; a. Processes and Types of Fog ; b. Impacts of Fog in Canada ; v. Drought ; a. Severe Canadian Droughts ; b. Monitoring and Drought Indices ; vi. Climate Change and Precipitatation in Canada ; vii. Climate Change and Fog ; viii. Climate Change and Implications for Drought ; ix. Chapter Summary ; 6. Tropical Cyclones ; i. Introduction ; ii. Processes ; iii. Classification ; iv. Naming Hurricanes ; v. Impacts of Tropical Cyclones ; a. Wind ; b. Rainfall ; c. Storm Surge ; d. Tornadoes ; vi. The Canadian Hurricane Centre and Forecasting Tropical Storms ; vii. Extended Range Forecasts ; viii. Tropical Storms Affecting Canada ; ix. Climate Change and Tropical Cyclones ; x. Chapter Summary ; 7. Canadians and Weather: Vulnerability, Risk, Adaptation and Mitigation ; i. Introduction ; ii. Vulnerability ; iii. Resilience ; iv. Perception of Risk ; v. Mitigation and Adaptation ; vi. The Context for Canada ; vii. Conclusion ; References ; Index
