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Full Description
Scientific Writing and CommunicationPresentations, Third Edition, covers all the areas of scientific communication that a scientist needs to know and master in order to successfully promote his or her research and career. This unique "all-in-one" handbook begins with a discussion of the basic principles of scientific writing style and composition and then applies these principles to writing research papers, review articles, grantproposals, research statements, and resumes, as well as to preparing academic presentations and posters. FEATURES A practical presentation carefully introduces basicwriting mechanics before moving into manuscript planning and organizational strategies. Extensive hands-on guidance for composing scientific documents and presentations then follows.Relevant and multidisciplinary examples selected from real research papers and grant proposals by writers ranging from students to Nobel Laureates illustrate clear technical writing and common mistakes that one should avoid.Annotated text passagesbring the writing principles and guidelines to life by applying them to real-world, relevant, and multidisciplinary examples.Extensive end-of-chapter exercise sets provide the opportunity to review styleand composition principles and encourage readers to apply them to their own writing.Writing guidelines and revision checklists warn scientists against common pitfalls and equip them with the most successful techniques to revise a scientific paper, review article, or grant proposal.The book's clear, easy-to-follow writing style appeals to both native and non-native English speakers; special ESL features also point outdifficulties experienced primarily by non-native speakers.Tables and lists of sample sentences and phrases aid in composing different sections of a scientific paper, review article, or grantproposal.Thorough attention to research articles advises readers on composing successful manuscripts for publication in peer-reviewed journals from initial drafting to the response to reviewers.Comprehensive coverage of grant writing guides scientists through the entire process of applying for a grant, from the initial letter of inquiry to proposal revision and submission.
Contents
PrefacePART I. SCIENTIFIC WRITING BASICS: Style and CompositionChapter 1. Science and Communication1.1 The Scientific Method1.2 Communication and Ethics1.3 About Readers1.4 About Writers1.5 Different Writing Genres1.6 Mastering Scientific WritingChapter 2. Individual Words2.1 The Central Principle2.2 Word Choices2.3 Word Choice--Special Cases2.4 Redundancies and Jargon2.5 Abbreviations2.6 Nomenclature and Terminology2.7 DictionariesChapter 3. Word Location3.1 Readers' Expectations3.2 Competition for Emphasis3.3 Placement of WordsChapter 4. Technical Sentences4.1 Grammar and Technical Style4.2 Person4.3 Voice4.4 Tense4.5 Sentence Length4.6 Verbs and Action4.7 Clusters of Nouns4.8 Pronouns4.9 Lists and Comparisons4.10 Faulty Comparisons4.11 Common ErrorsChapter 5. Special ESL Grammar Problems5.1 Prepositions5.2 Articles5.3 Verbs5.4 Adjectives and Adverbs5.5 Nouns and Pronouns5.6 Grammar ReferencesChapter 6. From Sentences to Paragraphs6.1 Paragraph Structure6.2 Paragraph Organization6.3 Paragraph Coherence6.4 CondensingPART II. PLANNING AND LAYING THE FOUNDATIONChapter 7. The First Draft7.1 The Writing Process7.2 Prewriting7.3 Authorship7.4 Drafting a Manuscript7.5 Outlining and Composing a Manuscript7.6 Writer's Block?7.7 For ESL Authors7.8 Outside HelpChapter 8. References and Plagiarism8.1 About References8.2 Source Material8.3 Managing References8.4 Text Citations8.5 Plagiarism8.6 Paraphrasing8.7 References within a Scientific Paper8.8 The Reference List8.9 Common Reference Styles8.10 Citing the Internet8.11 Footnotes and Endnotes8.12 AcknowledgmentsChapter 9. Figures and Tables9.1 General Guidelines9.2 Importance of Formatting and Placement of Information9.3 Figure or Table?9.4 General Information on Figures9.5 Types of Figures9.6 Formatting Graphs9.7 Examples of Graphs9.8 Figure Legends9.9 General Information on Tables9.10 Formatting Tables9.11 Formulas, Equations, Proofs, and AlgorithmsChapter 10. Basics of Statistical Analysis10.1 General Guidelines10.2 Basic Statistical Terminology10.3 Distribution Curves10.4 Statistical Analysis of Data10.5 Reporting Statistics10.6 Graphical Representation10.7 Useful Resources for Statistical Analysis10.8 ChecklistPART III. MANUSCRIPTS: Research Papers and Review ArticlesA. Research PapersChapter 11. The Introduction11.1 Overall11.2 Components and Format11.3 Elements of the Introduction11.4 Special Case: Introductions for Descriptive Papers11.5 Important Writing Guidelines for the Introduction11.6 Signals for the Reader11.7 Common Problems of Introductions11.8 Sample Introductions11.9 Revising the IntroductionChapter 12. Materials and Methods Section12.1 Overall12.2 Components12.3 Format12.4 Important Writing Guidelines for Materials and Methods12.5 Ethical Conduct12.6 Common Problems of Materials and Methods Section12.7 Sample Materials and Methods Sections12.8 Revising the Materials and Methods SectionChapter 13. Results13.1 Overall13.2 Components13.3 Format13.4 Important Writing Guidelines for the Results13.5 Signals for the Reader13.6 Common Problems of the Results Section13.7 Sample Results Sections13.8 Revising the Results SectionChapter 14. Discussion14.1 Overall14.2 Components14.3 Format14.4 First Paragraph14.5 Middle Paragraphs14.6 Last Paragraph14.7 Important Writing Guidelines for the Discussion14.8 Signals for the Reader14.9 An Alternative: Results and Discussion14.10 Common Problems of the Discussion14.11 Sample Discussions14.12 Revising the DiscussionChapter 15. Abstract15.1 Overall15.2 Components15.3 Format15.4 Applying Basic Writing Rules15.5 Signals for the Reader15.6 Common Problems of the Abstract15.7 Reasons for Rejection15.8 Revising the AbstractChapter 16. Titles, Title Pages, and Key Words16.1 Overall16.2 Strong Titles16.3 The Title Page16.4 Running Title16.5 Key Words16.6 Revising the TitleChapter 17. Revising and Reviewing a Manuscript17.1 Revising the First Draft17.2 Subsequent Drafts17.3 Reviewing a ManuscriptChapter 18. Final Version, Submission, and Peer Review18.1 General Advice on the Final Version18.2 Submitting the Manuscript18.3 Writing a Cover Letter18.4 The Review ProcessB. Review ArticlesChapter 19. Review Articles19.1 Overall19.2 Types of Reviews and General Content19.3 Format19.4 Title19.5 Abstract of a Review Article19.6 Introduction of a Review Article19.7 Main Analysis Section of a Review Article19.8 Conclusion of a Review Article19.9 References19.10 Signals for the Reader19.11 Coherence19.12 Common Problems of Review Articles19.13 Revising the Review ArticlePART IV. GRANT PROPOSALSChapter 20. Proposal Writing20.1 General20.2 Types of Proposals20.3 Choosing a Sponsoring Agency20.4 Federal Agencies20.5 Private Foundations20.6 Corporations and Other Funders20.7 Preliminary Steps to Writing a Proposal20.8 Online Resources20.9 Starting to Write a Grant20.10 Interacting with the FunderChapter 21. Letters of Inquiry and Preproposals21.1 General21.2 Components and Format21.3 Abstract/Overview21.4 Introduction/Background21.5 Statement of Need21.6 Objective and Specific Aims21.7 Strategy and Goals21.8 Leadership and Organization21.9 Budget21.10 Impact and Significance21.11 Cover Letter21.12 Verbal Proposals21.13 LOI Outlines21.14 Revising an LOI/PreproposalChapter 22. Proposal Abstracts and Specific Aims22.1 Overall22.2 Proposal Abstracts22.3 Specific Aims22.4 Significance and Impact22.5 Applying Basic Writing Rules22.6 Signals for the Reader22.7 Common Problems22.8 Reasons for Rejection22.9 Revising the Abstract and Specific AimsChapter 23. Background and Significance23.1 Overall23.2 Emphasis, Format, and Length23.3 References23.4 Elements of the Section23.5 Sample Significance Section for Federal Grants23.6 Signals for the Reader23.7 Coherence23.8 Common Problems23.9 Revising the Background and Significance SectionChapter 24. Innovation24.1 General remarks on proposal sections24.2 Components24.3 Format24.4 Signals for the Reader24.5 Common Problems24.6 Revising the Innovation SectionChapter 25. Preliminary Results25.1 Function25.2 Content25.3 Format25.4 Important Writing Principles25.5 Signals for Preliminary Results25.6 Common Problems of Preliminary Results25.7 Revising the Preliminary ResultsChapter 26. Approach/Research Design26.1 Overall26.2 Components26.3 Format26.4 Closing Paragraph26.5 Signals for the Reader26.6 Common Problems26.7 Revising the Research Design and Methods SectionChapter 27. Budget and Other Special Proposal Sections27.1 Budget27.2 Other Special Proposal SectionsChapter 28. Revising and Submitting a Proposal28.1 General28.2 Before Sending Out the Proposal28.3 Revising the Proposal28.4 Submitting the Proposal28.5 Being Reviewed28.6 Site Visits28.7 Reasons for Rejection28.8 If Your Proposal Is Rejected28.9 Resubmission of a Proposal28.10 If Your Proposal Is FundedPART V. POSTERS AND PRESENTATIONSChapter 29. Posters and Conference Abstracts29.1 Function and General Overview29.2 Conference Abstracts29.3 Poster Components29.4 Poster Format29.5 Sections of a Poster29.6 Photos, Figures, and Tables for Posters29.7 Resources for Preparing and Presenting a Poster29.8 Revising a Poster29.9 Presenting the Poster29.10 Sample Posters29.11 Checklist for a PosterChapter 30. Oral Presentations30.1 Before the Talk30.2 Components and Format of a Scientific Talk30.3 Visual Aids30.4 Planning and Preparing for a Talk30.5 Giving the Talk30.6 Voice and Delivery30.7 Vocabulary and Style30.8 Body Actions and Motions30.9 At the End of the Presentation30.10 Questions and Answers30.11 Other Speech Forms30.12 Resources30.13 Checklist for an Oral PresentationPART VI. JOB APPLICATIONSChapter 31. Job Applications and Interviews31.1 Overall31.2 Curricula Vitae (CVs) and Resumes31.3 Cover Letters31.4 Accompanying Documents31.5 Research Statements31.6 Teaching Statements31.7 Most Common Interview Questions31.8 Resources31.9 Letters of Recommendation31.10 Checklist for the Job ApplicationAppendix A: Commonly Confused and Misused WordsAppendix B: MS Word Basics and Top 20 MS Word TipsAppendix C: Excel Basics and Top 20 Excel TipsAppendix D: PowerPoint Basics and Top 20 PowerPoint TipsAppendix E: MS Office Cheat SheetAnswer Key: Glossary of English Grammar Terms: Glossary of Scientific and Technical Terms: Bibliography: Credits: Index:
