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Ideal resource for learning about the fundamentals of organic semiconductors and their device applications with minimal prior knowledge
Assuming only basic knowledge of excitations in molecules and semiconductors, Electronic Processes in Organic Semiconductors comprehensively explains the electronic structure of organic semiconductors, the flow of charges and the nature of excited states, and the intricacies of the electronic and optical processes. The text is complemented by feature boxes detailing aspects that may be trivial to one group of readers yet fully unknown another, as the book is intended for chemists, physicists, material scientists, engineers and biologists alike.
The book is structured into four chapters. Chapter one introduces the reader to basic concepts of molecular photophysics. Chapter two explores how interactions between chromophores affect charges and excited states. Chapter three delineates the processes that are relevant to optoelectronic devices. Chapter four discusses how charge carrier transport, recombination and exciton dissociation can be employed in the operation of organic semiconductor devices.
This newly revised and updated Second Edition responds to the development of novel material classes and the increase in bioelectronic applications. It reflects the advanced insight on electronic structure, charge transport, excitonic processes and the key role played by film morphology in this.
Sample topics covered in Electronic Processes in Organic Semiconductors include:
- Electronic, vibrational, and spin factors in transitions between molecular states
- Experimental methods to study charge transport and excited states, comprising spectroscopic techniques as well as device-based measurements
- Mechanisms of charge generation and transport in undoped and doped systems
- Properties of excitations in single-compound materials, donor-acceptor systems and host-guest systems
- Basics of device fabrication for solar cells, light-emitting diodes and transistors, operational principles, performance assessment and approaches for further improvement
Written in a way that makes understanding of organic semiconductors easy even for the uninitiated, the Second Edition of Electronic Processes in Organic Semiconductors continues to be the go-to resource for students intending to learn about organic semiconductors. It also serves as key reference for scientists from adjacent fields that need information on a particular aspect of organic semiconductors.
Table of Contents
Preface to the Second Edition ix
Preface to the First Edition xi
About the Companion Website xiii
1 The Electronic Structure of Organic Semiconductors 1
1.1 Introduction 1
1.2 Different Organic Semiconductor Materials 5
1.3 Electronic States of a Molecule 15
1.4 Transitions Between Molecular States 27
1.5 Spectroscopic Methods 53
1.6 Further Reading 64
References 65
2 Charges and Excited States in Organic Semiconductors 73
2.1 Excited Molecules from the Gas Phase to the Amorphous Film 73
2.2 Excited Molecules in Crystalline Phases – The Frenkel Exciton 92
2.3 Excited States in π-Conjugated Polymers and Oligomers 106
2.4 Charged Molecules 128
2.5 A Comparison between Inorganic and Organic Semiconductors 147
2.6 Further Reading 152
References 153
3 Generation, Transport and Decay of Charges and Neutral Excitations 165
3.1 Basic Aspects of Electrical Current in a Device 166
3.2 Charge Injection Mechanisms 171
3.3 Charge Carrier Transport 175
3.4 Nongeminate Charge Carrier Recombination 216
3.5 Generation of Excitations 220
3.6 Dissociation of Excitations 224
3.7 Diffusion of Excitations 240
3.8 Decay of Excitations 250
3.9 Further Reading 256
References 256
4 Fundamentals of Organic Semiconductor Devices 273
4.1 Basic Solar Cells and Light-Emitting Diode Structures 276
4.2 Light-Emitting Diodes 287
4.3 Solar Cells 304
4.4 Transistors 329
4.5 Further Reading 347
References 347
Appendices Chemical Structures 357
Appendix A1 Polymers 359
Appendix A2 𝛑-Conjugated Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds 365
Appendix A3 Phosphorescent and TADF Emitters 369
Appendix A4 Solvents and Functional Moieties 371
Appendix A5 Non-fullerene Acceptors 373
Appendix A6 Non-luminescent and Luminescent 𝛑-Conjugated Radicals 375
Index 377
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