Description
On October 28, 1917, just days after the Bolsheviks seized power, the great Council of the Russian Orthodox Church voted to restore the patriarchate, which had been abolished by Peter the Great two centuries earlier. The Council chose Tikhon (Bellavin), the son of a humble village parish priest, to be head of Russia's largest religious confession. At the time, the majority of Orthodox Christians were devoutly religious. Tikhon's vision of the Church, which he began putting into practice during his years as the Orthodox bishop of North America (1898-1907), was that of an organic body which welcomed the participation of all believers. The Bolsheviks had other ideas. They aimed to create a revolution that would be carried out by the state on behalf of the people. And they sought to eradicate religion as “superstition” and not only to disestablish the Church, but to destroy it altogether. Although the alternate Russia which Tikhon represented would be crushed by the superior force of the Bolsheviks, he helped navigate the Church through immense challenges so that, in the end, the Orthodox Church outlived the Soviet experiment. The People's Patriarch tells the story of the clash of visions for the new Russia in 1917 through the lens of the humble man chosen to lead the Church, whose life exemplifies the transformations within the Orthodox Church in late Imperial Russia and its fate during the Revolution. The People's Patriarch is the first critical biography of one of the twentieth century's most important Orthodox Christian leaders, based on an exhaustive use of previously untapped primary sources, including Tikhon's letters and encyclicals, previously classified documents from the top Bolshevik leadership and Soviet secret police, and materials from a dozen archives in five countries.
Table of Contents
List of Figures Acknowledgments A Note on Dates, Spelling, and Translation Introduction Chapter 1: Beginnings (1865-1898) Chapter 2: Bishop of the Aleutians, 1898-1903 Chapter 3: Archbishop of North America, 1904-1907 Chapter 4: Yaroslavl-Vilna-Moscow, 1907-1917 Chapter 5: The Patriarch and the October Revolution, 1917-1918 Chapter 6: Neither Red nor White: The Civil War (1918-1920) Chapter 7: Famine and the Confiscation of Church Valuables, 1921- April 1922 Chapter 8: The Case Against Tikhon (May 1922 to June 1923) Chapter 9: Interlude. Transnational Orthodoxy (1917-1925) Chapter 10: Rebuilding the Church (1923-1925) Conclusions A Note on Historiography and Sources Abbreviations Bibliography Index
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