Description
In the current geopolitical environment, liberal democracies vie for influence and prosperity with autocratic governments, such as those of China and Russia. While the great powers do not shy away from using aggressive force, much of their rivalry today takes place below the threshold of armed conflict, in a conceptual and practical 'grey zone' between war and peace. Autocratic states operate in this grey zone to target the vulnerabilities of liberal democracies, creating hybrid threats that rely on instruments ranging from economic, diplomatic, legal, and informational pressure all the way to military coercion. Law plays a critical role in this context. In the ethically and legally ambiguous grey zone, international law serves as a normative, yet malleable, framework within which geopolitical rivals compete. State and non-State actors invoke the law as the source of authority, while simultaneously hoping to shape the international legal order in their own strategic interests. Hybrid Threats and Grey Zone Conflict offers the first in-depth assessment of the legal and ethical aspects of hybrid threats and grey zone conflict. It explores the responses available to democratic nations for countering hybrid and grey zone threats whilst adhering to liberal democratic values and the rule of law. Bringing together diverse scholarly and practitioner perspectives, the volume introduces readers to the conceptual and practical difficulties arising in this area, the rich debates the topic has generated, and the challenges that countering hybrid threats and grey zone conflict poses for liberal democracies. This volume is essential reading for anyone interested in learning more about contemporary forms of strategic competition below the threshold of open hostilities.
Table of Contents
1. IntroductionAurel Sari and Mitt ReganI - WHAT ARE HYBRID THREATS AND GREY ZONE CONFLICT?2. The Grey Zone and Hybrid Conflict: A Conceptual IntroductionChristopher Marsh3. Grey Zone Conflict and Military Affairs: Questioning the PremiseMelanie W. Sisson4. We Have Met the Grey Zone and He is Us: How Grey Zone Warfare Exploits Our Undecidedness about What Matters to UsDuncan MacIntosh5. Legal Aspects of Grey Zone and Hybrid Threats: A PrimerHitoshi Nasu6. The Divide between War and PeaceTobias Vestner7. Rethinking Coercion in CyberspaceIdo KilovatyII - ARENAS OF HYBRID AND GREY ZONE COMPETITION8. A Topography of Information-Based Foreign InfluenceBeba Cibralic9. In Pursuit of Geopolitical Advantage: Hacking Below the Threshold of WarMelissa K. Griffith10. Lawfare, China, and the Grey ZoneOrde F. Kittrie11. Emerging Bio-Technologies for Disruptive Effects in Grey Zone EngagementsJoseph DeFranco, Diane DiEuliis, L. R. Bremseth, and James Giordano12. The Maritime DomainDavid Letts13. The Evolving Chinese Strategy in the Arctic: Entering the Grey Zone?Camilla T. N. S?rensen14. Hybrid and Grey Zone Operations in Outer SpaceMelissa de ZwartIII - INSTRUMENTS, TACTICS, AND METHODS IN THE GREY ZONE15. Decoding Grey Zone EnvironmentsAndr?s B. Mu?oz Mosquera and Nikoleta Chalanouli16. Coercing Well: The Logic, Grammar, and Norms of the Grey ZoneC. Anthony Pfaff 17. Lying in the Grey Zone Steven Wheatley18. Rethinking the International Law of Interference in the Digital AgeSteven J. Barela and Samuli Haataja19. Trapped in the Grey Zone: International Law Applicable to Non-State ActorsAgata Kleczkowska20. From Red Scare to Red Scare, Grey Zone to Grey Zone: Weaponizing Dissent and Civil SocietyTyler Wentzell and Barbara J. Falk 21. A Grey Zone Analytic Framework for Military OperationsMaegen Nix and Welton ChangIV - COUNTERING HYBRID AND GREY ZONE THREATS: HOW CAN LIBERAL DEMOCRACIES RESPOND?22. An Ethical Framework for Assessing Grey Zone ResponsesEd Barrett23. Winning at the Strategic SeamsMichael A. Newton24. Legal Resilience: Just a Warm and Fuzzy Concept?Aurel Sari25. How to Involve Civil Society in Grey Zone DefenceElisabeth Braw26. Security Assistance by Liberal Democracies: Tensions in the Grey ZoneMitt Regan & Sarah Harrison 27. The Practice of Legal Resilience: Insights from the Maritime Incident of 31 May 2010Marlene Mazel28. Legal Resilience from a Finnish PerspectiveTiina Ferm29. The Path to Legal ResilienceAndr?s B. Mu?oz Mosquera, Jean Emmanuel Perrin, Panagiotis Sergis, Rodrigo V?zquez Ben?tez, and Borja Montes Toscano
