Habit Forming : Drug Addiction in America, 1776-1914

著者名：Gray, Elizabeth Kelly

Oxford University Press（2022/12/02発売）

• 言語：ENG
• ISBN：9780190073121
• eISBN：9780190073145

Description

Habitual drug use in the United States is at least as old as the nation itself. Habit Forming traces the history of unregulated drug use and dependency before 1914, when the Harrison Narcotic Tax Act limited sales of opiates and cocaine under US law. Many Americans used opiates and other drugs medically and became addicted. Some tried Hasheesh Candy, injected morphine, or visited opium dens, but neither use nor addiction was linked to crime, due to the dearth of restrictive laws. After the Civil War, American presses published extensively about domestic addiction. Later in the nineteenth century, many used cocaine and heroin as medicine. As addiction became a major public health issue, commentators typically sympathized with white, middle-class drug users, while criticizing such use by poor or working-class people and people of color. When habituation was associated with middle-class morphine users, few advocated for restricted drug access. By the 1910s, as use was increasingly associated with poor young men, support for regulations increased. In outlawing users' access to habit-forming drugs at the national level, a public health problem became a larger legal and social problem, one with an enduring influence on American drug laws and their enforcement.

Table of Contents

AcknowledgmentsNote on TerminologyIntroductionPart I: Hidden Drug Use in AmericaChapter 1: American Use of Opiates, 1776-1842Chapter 2: American Drug Use Quietly Escalates, 1842-1867Chapter 3: The Vogue for Hashish, 1832-1884Part II: Learning from a World of UsersChapter 4: The Global Context, 1774-1862Chapter 5: Habitual Opiate Use in Great Britain, 1821-1877Chapter 6: The Drug Trade and Habitual Use in China, 1804-1881Part III: An Open ProblemChapter 7: American Opium Dens, 1850-1910Chapter 8: A Public Problem, 1867-1905Chapter 9: Federal Regulation Begins, 1875-1914Conclusion: The Hydra EmergesNotesBibliographyIndex