Description
"A runaway trolley is speeding down a track" So begins what is perhaps the most fecund thought experiment of the past several decades since its invention by Philippa Foot. Since then, moral philosophers have applied the "trolley problem" as a thought experiment to study many different ethical conflicts - and chief among them is the programming of autonomous vehicles. Nowadays, however, very few philosophers accept that the trolley problem is a perfect analogy for driverless cars or that the situations autonomous vehicles face will resemble the forced choice of the unlucky bystander in the original thought experiment.This book represents a substantial and purposeful effort to move the academic discussion beyond the trolley problem to the broader ethical, legal, and social implications that autonomous vehicles present. There are still urgent questions waiting to be addressed, for example: how AVs might interact with human drivers in mixed or "hybrid" traffic environments; how AVs might reshape our urban landscapes; what unique security or privacy concerns are raised by AVs as connected devices in the "Internet of Things"; how the benefits and burdens of this new technology, including mobility, traffic congestion, and pollution, will be distributed throughout society; and more.An attempt to map the landscape of these next-generation questions and to suggest preliminary answers, this volume draws on the disciplines of philosophy, sociology, economics, urban planning and transportation engineering, business ethics and more, and represents a global range of perspectives.
Table of Contents
AcknowledgmentsContributorsIntroductionPART I Autonomous Vehicles and Trolley ProblemsIntroduction by David CernýChapter 1. Ethics and Risk Distribution for Autonomous VehiclesNicholas G. EvansChapter 2. Autonomous Vehicles, the Badness of Death, and DiscriminationDavid CernýChapter 3. Automated Vehicles and the Ethics of ClassificationGeoff KeelingChapter 4. Trolleys and Autonomous Vehicles: New Foundations for the Ethics of Machine LearningJeff Behrends and John BaslChapter 5. The Trolley Problem and the Ethics of Autonomous Vehicles in the Eyes of the Public: Experimental EvidenceAkira Inoue, Kazumi Shimizu, Daisuke Udagawa, and Yoshiki WakamatsuChapter 6. Autonomous Vehicles in Drivers' School: A Non- Western PerspectiveSoraj Hongladarom and Daniel D. NovotnýChapter 7. Autonomous Vehicles and Normative PluralismSaul SmilanskyChapter 8. Discrimination in Algorithmic Trolley ProblemsDerek LebenPART II Ethical Issues Beyond the Trolley ProblemIntroduction by Ryan JenkinsChapter 9. Unintended Externalities of Highly Automated VehiclesJeffrey K. GurneyChapter 10. The Politics of Self- Driving Cars: Soft Ethics, Hard Law, Big Business, Social NormsUgo PagalloChapter 11. Autonomous Vehicles and Ethical Settings: Who Should Decide?Paul FormosaChapter 12. Algorithms of Life and Death: A Utilitarian Approach to the Ethics of Self- Driving CarsStephen BennettChapter 13. Autonomous Vehicles, Business Ethics, and Risk Distribution in Hybrid TrafficBrian BerkeyChapter 14. An Epistemic Approach to Cultivating Appropriate Trust in Autonomous VehiclesKendra ChilsonChapter 15. How Soon Is Now?: On the Timing and Conditions for Adopting Widespread Use of Autonomous VehiclesLeonard KahnChapter 16. The Ethics of Abuse and Unintended Consequences for Autonomous VehiclesKeith AbneyPART III Perspectives from Political PhilosophyIntroduction by Tomá HríbekChapter 17. Distributive Justice, Institutionalism, and Autonomous VehiclesPatrick Taylor SmithChapter 18. Autonomous Vehicles and the Basic Structure of SocietyVeljko Dubljevic and William A. BauerChapter 19. Supply Chains, Work Alternatives, and Autonomous VehiclesLuke Golemon, Fritz Allhoff, and T. J. BroyChapter 20. Can Autonomous Cars Deliver Equity?Anne BrownChapter 21. Making Autonomous Vehicle Technologies Matter: Ensuring Equitable Access and OpportunityMadhu C. Dutta- Koehler and Jennifer HatchPart IV Autonomous Vehicle Technology in The CityIntroduction by Tomá%s HríbekChapter 22. Fixing Congestion for Whom? The Distribution of Autonomous Vehicles' Effects on CongestionCarole Turley VoulgarisChapter 23. Fulfilling the Promise of Autonomous Vehicles with a New Ethics of TransportationBeaudry Kock and Yolanda LannquistChapter 24. Ethics, Autonomous Vehicles, and the Future CityJason Borenstein, John Bucher, and Joseph HerkertChapter 25. The Autonomous Vehicle in Asian Cities: Opportunities for Gender Equity, Convivial Urban Relations, and Public Safety in Seoul and SingaporeJeffrey K. H. Chan and Jiwon ShimChapter 26. Autonomous Vehicles, the Driverless City, and the Pedestrian CityTomá%s HríbekAppendix 1: Varieties of Trolley PessimismJeff Behrends and John Basl
