Description
Conflict over cultural heritage has increasingly become a standard part of war. Today, systematic exploitation, manipulation, attacks, and destruction of cultural heritage by state and non-state actors form part of most violent conflicts across the world. Such acts are often intentional and based on well-planned strategies for inflicting harm on groups of people and communities. With this increasing awareness of the role cultural heritage plays in war, scholars and practitioners have progressed from seeing conflict-related destruction of cultural heritage as a cultural tragedy to understanding it as a vital national security issue. There is also a shift from the desire to protect cultural property for its own sake to viewing its protection as connected to broader agendas of peace and security. Concerns about cultural heritage have thus migrated beyond the cultural sphere to worries about the protection of civilians, the financing of terrorism, societal resilience, post-conflict reconciliation, hybrid warfare, and the geopolitics of territorial conflicts. This volume seeks to deepen public understanding of the evolving nexus between cultural heritage and security in the twenty-first century. Drawing on a variety of disciplines and perspectives, the chapters in this volume examine a complex set of relationships between the deliberate destruction and misuse of cultural heritage in times of conflict, on the one hand, and basic societal values, legal principles, and national security, on the other.
Table of Contents
PrefaceAcknowledgmentsList of ContributorsList of AbbreviationsIntroduction: Cultural Heritage and Armed Conflict: Preserving Art While Protecting LifeFrederik RosénPART I. THE VALUE OF CULTURAL HERITAGE1. Preserving Valuable Objects and Sites, in Times of War and at Other TimesDerek Gillman2. The "Cultural Turn" and the Reconstruction of HeritageHelen Frowe and Derek Matravers3. Mission Impossible: Weighing the Protection of Cultural Property against Human LivesFrederik Rosén4. Weaponizing Culture: A Limited Defense of the Destruction of Cultural Heritage in WarDuncan MacIntosh5. The Concept of Cultural GenocideMartin HamiltonPART II. LEGAL AND SECURITY ASPECTS OF CULTURAL HERITAGE PRESERVATION6. Combating Illicit Trade in Cultural Objects to Defend Peace and SecurityKristin Hausler and Andrzej Jakubowski7. Cultural Property Protection in the Context of Counter Terrorist Financing: An Emerging Legal ParadigmRicardo A. St. Hilaire8. Non-Party Obligations for Cultural Property in Armed Conflict under the 1954 Hague Convention, Protocol IIElizabeth Varner9. The International Criminal Court and Cultural Property: What Is the Crime?Mark A. Drumbl10. Training for Cultural Property ProtectionLaurie W. RushPART III. HEALING THE PAST: REPATRIATION OF STOLEN ART AND CULTURE11. Wartime Loot in American Museums: Lessons from the Museum of Fine Arts, BostonVictoria Reed12. Nazi Looting and Internal and External Colonial Plundering: Differences in ResponsesJos van Beurden13. Syrian and Iraqi Opinion on Protecting, Promoting, and Reconstructing Heritage after the Islamic StateBenjamin Isakhan and James Barry14. The Geopolitical Context of Cultural Heritage DestructionCarsten Paludan- MüllerIndex
