Description
The inaugural volume of the 50 Studies series, 50 Studies Every Doctor Should Know presents key studies that have shaped the practice of medicine. Selected using a rigorous methodology, the studies cover topics ranging from dieting to cardiovascular disease, insomnia to obstetrics. For each study, a concise summary is presented with an emphasis on the results and limitations of the study, and its implications for practice. Brief information on other relevant studies is provided, and an illustrative clinical case concludes each review. A section of review questions and answers is included at the back of the book to ensure that readers take away the key messages from each study. For this new edition, the contents were reorganized to include ten new studies, and the references, guidelines, and implications of existing studies were thoroughly updated. This book is a must-read for health care professionals and anyone who wants to learn more about the data behind clinical practice.
Table of Contents
SECTION 1 Preventive Medicine1. Preventing Diabetes: The Diabetes Prevention Program2. A Comparison of Different Dieting Strategies3. Aspirin for the Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease4. Postmenopausal Hormone Therapy: The Women's Health Initiative5. The European Randomized Study of Screening for Prostate Cancer (ERSPC)6. The Cochrane Review of Screening Mammography7. Low-Dose CT Screening for Lung Cancer: The National Lung Screening Trial (NLST)SECTION 2 Internal Medicine8. Arrhythmia Suppression following Myocardial Infarction: The CAST Trial9. Choosing First-Line Therapy for Hypertension: The ALLHAT Trial10. Intensive vs. Standard Hypertension Management: The SPRINT Trial11. Statins in Healthy Patients: The HOPE-3 Trial12. Beta Blockers for Systolic Heart Failure: The MERIT-HF Trial13. Initial Treatment of Stable Coronary Artery Disease: The ISCHEMIA Trial14. Treating Elevated Blood Sugar Levels in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: The United Kingdom Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS)15. Intensive versus Conservative Blood Sugar Control for Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: The ACCORD Trial16. The African American Heart Failure Trial (A-HeFT)17. Early versus Delayed Antiretroviral Therapy for Patients with HIV: The INSIGHT START Trial18. Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis to Prevent HIV Transmission: The iPeEx Trial19. Early versus Late Initiation of Dialysis: The IDEAL Trial20. Red Cell Transfusion in Critically Ill Patients: The TRICC Trial21. Pulmonary Artery Catheters in Critically Ill Patients22. Opioids for Chronic Noncancer Pain: The SPACE TrialSECTION 3 Surgery23. Perioperative Beta Blockers in Noncardiac Surgery: The POISE Trial24. Cardiac Stents versus Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery for Severe Coronary Artery Disease: The SYNTAX Trial25. Carotid Endarterectomy for Asymptomatic Carotid Stenosis: The ACST Trial26. A Trial of Arthroscopic Knee Surgery27. Surgery versus Rehabilitation for Chronic Low Back Pain: The MRC Spine Stabilization Trial28. Mastectomy versus Lumpectomy for Invasive Breast Cancer: The B-06 Trial29. Long-Term Impact of Bariatric Surgery: The Swedish Obese Subjects StudySECTION 4 Obstetrics30. Labor Induction vs. Expectant Management at 39 Weeks Gestation: The ARRIVE Trial31. Antepartum Glucocorticoids in Premature Labor32. Cell-free DNA Analysis for Prenatal Diagnosis33. Effectiveness of Long-Acting Reversible ContraceptionSECTION 5 Pediatrics34. Treatment of Acute Otitis Media in Children35. A Trial of Early Ear Tube Placement in Children with Persistent Otitis Media36. Inhaled Corticosteroids for Mild Persistent Asthma: The START Trial37. The Multimodal Treatment Study of Children with Attention Deficit/ Hyperactivity Disorder (MTA)38. Vaccines and Autism: A Meta-Analysis39. Preventing Peanut Allergies with Early Peanut Consumption in Infants: The Leap TrialSECTION 6 Radiology40. Early Imaging for Back Pain in Older Adults: The BOLD Study41. Screening for Coronary Artery Disease in Asymptomatic Patients with Diabetes: The DIAD Study42. Pediatric Computed Tomography, Radiation Exposure and Estimated Cancer Risk43. Identifying Children with Low-Risk Head Injuries Who Do Not Require Computed TomographySECTION 7 Neurology and Psychiatry44. Thrombolysis 3 to 4.5 Hours after an Acute Ischemic Stroke: The ECASS III Trial45. Intra-Arterial Treatment for Acute Ischemic Stroke: The MR CLEAN Trial46. Initial Treatment of Depression: The STAR*D Trial47. Behavioral versus Pharmacological Treatment for Insomnia in the ElderlySECTION 8 Systems-Based Practice48. Reducing Catheter-Related Blood Stream Infections in the Intensive Care Unit: The Keystone ICU Project49. Early Palliative Care in Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer50. Directly Observed Therapy for the Treatment of Tuberculosis in Baltimore
