Description
For the last thirty years Somalia has experienced violence and upheaval. Today, the international effort to help Somalis build a federal state and achieve stability is challenged by deep-rooted grievances, local conflicts and a powerful insurgency led by Al-Shabaab.Consisting of forty-four chapters by conflict resolution specialists and the world's leading experts on Somalia, this volume constitutes a unique compendium of insights into the insurgency and its impact. War and Peace in Somalia explores the legacies of past violence, especially impunity, illegitimacy and exclusion, and the need for national reconciliation. Drawing on decades of experience and months of field research, the contributors throw light on diverse forms of local conflict, its interrelated causes, and what can be done about it. They share original research on the role of women, men and youth in the conflict, and present new insight into Al-Shabaab--particularly the group's multi-dimensional strategy, the motivations of its fighters, their foreign links, and the prospects for engagement.This ground-breaking volume illuminates the war in Somalia, and sets out what can and should be done to bring it to an end. For policymakers and researchers covering Somalia, East Africa, extremism or conflict resolution, this is a must-read.
Table of Contents
Foreword - President Farmaajo 5Preface - Michael Keating 7Introduction - Michael Keating and Matt Waldman 10Overview 151 Addressing the Past: Impunity, Illegitimacy and ExclusionLooma Dhama - Political Inclusivity in the Somali Urban Context 29Ken Menkhaus and Ismahan AdaweNeither Inevitable nor Accidental - The Impact of Marginalization in Somalia 37The UN Accountability Project - SomaliaGoverning Endemic Crisis - Violence and Legitimacy in the Lives of Somalis 46Jutta BakonyiRemedying the Legacy of State Collapse - Thinking Through and Beyond Somali Civil War Violence 56 Lidwien KapteijnsEnding Impunity - Fostering Redress and Accountability in Somalia 64Tobias Hagmann and Mohammed Mealin Seid2 Understanding Local Conflict and Developing Effective ResponsesAchieving Local Reconciliation in Somalia 74Peace and Development Research Center (PDRC)State-building Amidst Conflict - The Urgency of Local Reconciliation 83Najum Mushtaq, Life and Peace InstituteSupporting Local Reconciliation - Lessons Learned Across the UN System 94Adam Day, Centre for Policy Research, UN UniversityLocal Reconciliation in Somalia - The Prospects for Sustainable Peace 108Abukar Sanei and Mohamed A. Omar Center for Policy Analysis and Research (CfPAR)Exploitation of Natural Resources as a Driver of Conflict - Case Study on Mining in Baki District, Somaliland 117Mohamed Abdi Omer and Mohamed Farah Hersi, Academy for Peace and Development (APD)Traditional Peacemaking in Sanaag Region, Somaliland 127Abdullahi Odowa, Observatory of Conflict and Violence Prevention (OCVP)The Sharia Courts of Mogadishu - Lessons for Peace and Reconciliation 136Ahmed Sh. IbrahimDeterminants of Success - Analysis of Peace Initiatives in South-Central Somalia 142Galymzhan Kirbassov, UNSOM Integrated Analysis TeamAMISOM - Challenges of Influence, Impartiality and Disengagement 152Najum Mushtaq, Life and Peace Institute3 Promoting National Peace and ReconciliationReconciliation in Somalia - Reform, Representation and Responsibility 163Aden Abdi and Alexander Ramsbotham, Conciliation ResourcesLaunching Reconciliation in Somalia 174Joakim GundelState-building and Peacebuilding in Somalia - Lessons from Other Peace and Transition Processes 185Thania Paffenholz, Constance Dijkstra and Andreas Hirblinger, Inclusive Peace and Transition InitiativeSomali National Reconciliation - Exploring a Comprehensive Approach 195Abdurahman Abdullahi "Baadiyow"Challenges and Opportunities - Political Dialogue Between the Federal Government of Somalia and Somaliland 205The Centre for Humanitarian Dialogue (HD)4 The Human Diversity of Conflict: Women, Men and YouthBeyond Principles - The Inclusion of Somali Women in Peacemaking 216Judith Gardner, Life and Peace InstituteWomen in Al-Shabaab 228"Khadija" and Stephen Harley, KrypteiaFrom the Margins to the Centre - Somali Women in Peacebuilding 234Hamdi Mohamed, ASAL ConsultingWomen in Peacebuilding in Somalia 242Sahro Ahmed Koshin, Somali Institute for Development Studies and Research Analysis (SIDRA)Between a Rock and a Hard Place - Young Somali Men Today 251Judy El-Bushra, Judith Gardner and Adan Abokor, Rift Valley InstituteAddressing the Gap - Promoting Youth Inclusion in Somali Peace and Reconciliation 261Sagal Aziz Deria, Erin Gillette, Katherine Henshaw and Savannah Simons, Transparency Solutions5 Understanding and Responding to Al-ShabaabSomalia's Southern War - The Fight Over Land and Labour 274Catherine Besteman and Daniel Van LehmanMotivations and Drivers of Al-Shabaab 283Roland MarchalWhy They Fight and Why They Quit - An Analysis of Interviews with Current and Former Al-Shabaab Fighters 290Richard Barrett, Global Strategy NetworkYouth Radicalization - Causes, Consequences and Potential Solutions 298Hussein Yusuf AliAl-Shabaab's Youth Recruitment Project 307Mohamed Haji Abdullahi "Ingiriis"Rivals in Governance - Civil Activities of Al-Shabaab 316Roland MarchalCan Al-Shabaab Deliver? Reality and Rhetoric in the Struggle for Power 323Richard Barrett, Global Strategy NetworkIs Anybody Listening? - Al-Shabaab's Communications 331Mary HarperAnatomy of Counter-Jihad - Community Perspectives on Rehabilitation and Reconciliation 341Stig Jarle Hansen, Linnéa Gelot and members of the ISHA human rights group6 International Aspects of Al-ShabaabAl-Qaida and Al-Shabaab: A Resilient Alliance 351Tricia Bacon and Daisy MuibuAl-Shabaab as a Transnational Security Threat 364Sahan AfricaForeign Fighter Influence in Al-Shabaab - Limitations and Future Prospects 376Tricia Bacon and Daisy MuibuTravelling for an Idea - The Appeal of Al-Shabaab to Diaspora in the West 390Joshua Meservey7 Engaging with Al-ShabaabNegotiations with Al-Shabaab - Lessons Learned and Future Prospects 402Harmonie Toros and Stephen Harley, KrypteiaCommunity Perspectives Towards Al-Shabaab - Sources of Support and the Potential for Negotiations 412 Joanne Crouch and Abdi Ali, SaferworldAl-Shabaab Attitudes Towards Negotiations 423Anneli Botha and Mahdi Abdile, The Network for Religious and Traditional Peacemakers8 Aid, Business and ReconciliationCollaborating for Peace - An Analysis of Networks of Cooperation in Somalia 435Dominik Balthasar and Anja Osei, SwisspeaceInsights from Network Analysis in Somalia 445Mircea Gherghina, Sandra McNeill and Khadir Abdi, Transparency SolutionsBusiness-Led Peacebuilding in Somalia 455Bahar Ali Kazmi and Faisa Abdi Loyaan, Creative Alternatives NowAcknowledgements 464Somali and Arabic Terms 464Acronyms 464
