Description
Philosophical controversy over non-human animals extends further back than many realize -- before Utilitarianism and Darwinism to the very genesis of philosophy. This volume examines the richness and complexity of that long history.Twelve essays trace the significance of animals from Greek and Indian antiquity through the Islamic and Latin medieval traditions, to Renaissance and early modern thought, ending with contemporary notions about animals. Two main questions emerge throughout the volume: what capacities can be ascribed to animals, and how should we treat them? Notoriously ungenerous attitudes towards animals' mental lives and ethics status, found for instance in Aristotle and Descartes, are shown to have been more nuanced than often supposed, while remarkable defenses of benevolence towards animals are unearthed in late antiquity, India, the Islamic world, and Kant. Other chapters examine cannibalism and vegetarianism in Renaissance thought, and the scientific testing of animals. A series of interdisciplinary reflections sheds further light on human attitudes towards animals, looking at their depiction in visual artworks from China, Africa, and Europe, as well as the rich tradition of animal fables beginning with Aesop.
Table of Contents
ContributorsIntroduction, Peter AdamsonChapter 1. Aristotle on Animals Devin HenryChapter 2. Reincarnation, Rationality, and Temperance: Platonists on Not Eating Animals G. Fay EdwardsReflection: Listening to Aesop's Animals Jeremy B. LefkowitzChapter 3. Illuminating Thought: Animals in Classical Indian Thought Amber D. CarpenterReflection: The Joy of Fish and Chinese Animal Painting Hou-mei SungChapter 4. Human and Animal Nature in the Philosophy of the Islamic World Peter AdamsonReflection: Of Rainbow Snakes and Baffling Buffalos: Reflections on a Central African Mask Allen F. RobertsChapter 5.Marking the Boundaries: Animals in Medieval Latin Philosophy Juhana ToivanenReflection: Animal Intelligence: Examples of the Human-Animal Border in Medieval Literature Sabine ObermaierReflection: Subversive Laughter in Reynard the Fox James Simpson Chapter 6. Animals in the Renaissance: You Eat What you Are Cecilia MuratoriChapter 7. Animal Souls and Beast Machines: Descartes' Mechanical Biology Deborah J. BrownChapter 8. Kant on Animals Patrick KainReflection: The Gaze of the Ape: Gabriel von Max's Affenmalerei and the "Question of All Questions" Cecilia MuratoriChapter 9. The Emergence of the Drive Concept and the Collapse of the Animal/Human Divide Paul KatsafanasChapter 10. Governing Darwin's World Philip KitcherChapter 11. Morgan's Canon: Animal Psychology in the Twentieth Century and Beyond Helen StewardChapter 12.The Contemporary Debate in Animal Ethics Robert Garner Primary Literature Secondary LiteratureIndex
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