Description
This comprehensive book deals primarily with reflection seismic data in the hydrocarbon industry. It brings together seismic examples from North and South America, Africa, Europe, Asia and Australia and features contributions from eleven international authors who are experts in their field. It provides structural geological examples with full-color illustrations and explanations so that students and industry professionals can get a better understanding of what they are being taught. It also shows seismic images in black and white print and covers compression related structures.
Representing a compilation of examples for different types of geological structures, Atlas of Structural Geological Interpretation from Seismic Images is a quick guide to finding analogous structures. It provides extensive coverage of seismic expression of different geological structures, faults, folds, mobile substrates (shale and salt), tectonic and regional structures, and common pitfalls in interpretation. The book also includes an un-interpreted seismic section for every interpreted section so that readers can feel free to draw their own conclusion as per their conceptualization.
- Provides authoritative source of methodologies for seismic interpretation
- Indicates sources of uncertainty and give alternative interpretations
- Directly benefits those working in petroleum industries
- Includes case studies from a variety of tectonic regimes
Table of Contents
Contributors xiii
Preface xvii
Acknowledgements xix
1 Introduction to Seismic Data 1
Achyuta Ayan Misra and Ashok Yadav
1.1 Seismic Reflection Method 1
1.2 Seismic Data Acquisition 1
1.2.1 Land Acquisition 3
1.2.2 Marine Acquisition 3
1.2.3 Transition Zones 4
1.3 Processing Seismic Data 5
1.3.1 Noise 5
1.3.2 Gathers 7
1.3.3 Migration and Stacking 7
1.3.4 Resolution of Seismic Data 7
1.4 Seismic Attributes 11
1.4.1 Coherency 12
1.4.2 Dip and Azimuth 12
1.4.3 Curvature 13
References 14
2 Seismic Structural Analysis 15
Achyuta Ayan Misra and Soumyajit Mukherjee
2.1 Introduction 15
2.2 Advantages and Limitations of Seismic Data Analyses 16
2.3 Interpreting Faults 17
2.4 Some Common Analyses 21
2.4.1 Geometry of Deformation Structures 21
2.4.2 Crustal Architecture Analyses 21
2.4.3 Progressive Deformation Analysis 21
2.4.4 Strain Analysis 22
2.5 Workflow 22
References 22
Part I Faults 27
3 Normal Faults in the Crawford-Skipper Basin, East Shetland Platform, United Kingdom 29
William Reid and Stefano Patruno
References 32
4 Normal Faults Bounding Rift Grabens in Krishna‐Godavari Basin, India 35
Achyuta Ayan Misra
References 39
5 Bitsminda Anticline: South Kura Foreland Fold and Thrust Belt, Georgia 41
Victor Alania, A. Chabukiani, O. Enukidze, K. Gogrichiani, Z. Mikeladze, and G. Tatishvili
References 42
6 Diffraction and Refraction Occurring in a Fault Zone in Corinth Gulf, Greece as Seen by Vertical Seismic Profiling 43
Joachim Place, Charles Naville, and Isabelle Moretti
References 45
7 Horst Inversion Within a Décollement Zone During Extension Upper Rhine Graben, France 47
Joachim Place, M. Diraison, Y. Géraud, and Hemin A. Koyi
References 49
8 Interpretation of a Vertical Seismic Profile Diffraction Occurring at a Basement–Sedimentary Cover Interface in the Rhine Graben, France 51
Joachim Place and Charles Naville
References 53
9 Clara Inversion Anticline, Adriatic Sea, Italy 55
Paolo Pace
Acknowledgements 59
References 59
10 Emma Inversion Structure, Adriatic Sea, Italy 61
Paolo Pace
Acknowledgements 64
References 64
11 Inversion in the Umiat Basin (Part 1) National Petroleum Reserve Alaska (NPRA), North Slope, Alaska 65
Paolo Pace
Acknowledgements 67
References 68
12 Inversion in the Umiat Basin (Part 2) National Petroleum Reserve Alaska (NPRA), North Slope, Alaska 69
Paolo Pace
Acknowledgements 71
References 72
13 Complex Multiphase Inversion Tectonics in the Southern East Shetland Platform, Offshore United Kingdom 73
Stefano Patruno and William Reid
References 75
14 Impact of Activation of a Syn‐Depositional Normal Fault on Sedimentation in Greater Mid North Sea High 77
Stefano Patruno and William Reid
References 81
15 Imaging Normal Faults Using Dual Sensor Streamers 83
Stefano Patruno and William Reid
Acknowledgements 87
References 87
16 Understanding Sinkholes Using Shear Wave Reflection Seismic Imaging in N Germany 89
Charlotte M. Krawczyk and U. Polom
References 91
17 Post‐Earthquake Subsurface Structure for Reconstruction Planning Using Shear Wave Reflection Seismic Imaging in Banda Aceh, Indonesia 93
Charlotte M. Krawczyk and U. Polom
17.1 Location Negeri 93
17.2 Location Babah Jurong 93
17.3 Location Military Airport 94
17.4 Location Lampasi Engking 95
17.5 Location Iakapeh 96
References 99
18 Shallow Detachment Along a Transform Margin in Cauvery Basin, India 101
Achyuta Ayan Misra and Swagato Dasgupta
References 105
19 Normal Faulting Related to Differential Compaction on the 85°E Ridge in the Bay of Bengal, India 107
Achyuta Ayan Misra
References 111
20 Polygonal Fault System in Late Cretaceous Sediments of Cauvery Deepwater Basin, India 113
Swagato Dasgupta and Achyuta Ayan Misra
References 115
21 Transfer Zone Geometry in the Offshore Cauvery Basin, India 117
Swagato Dasgupta and Abhimanyu Maitra
References 120
22 Synrift Grabens and Inversion in the Cauvery Offshore Basin on the East Coast of India 123
Abhimanyu Maitra
References 125
23 Pull‐Apart Basin in the Offshore Cauvery–Palar Basin, India 127
Swagato Dasgupta
References 129
24 Sedimentary Deformation Features Produced by Differential Compaction and Buoyancy in the Offshore Palar Basin, East Coast of India 131
Swagato Dasgupta
References 133
Part II Folds 135
25 Compression Folds and a Strike‐Slip Fault in Flowing Evaporites, Red Sea 137
Neil C. Mitchell and Marco Ligi
References 139
26 Didigori Syncline and Anticline: Kura Foreland Fold and Thrust Belt, Georgia 141
V. Alania, A. Chabukiani, O. Enukidze, K. Gogrichiani, Z. Mikeladze, and G. Tatishvili
References 142
27 Compressional Folds in the Active North Ecuador–South Colombia Margin 143
Achyuta Ayan Misra
References 150
28 Fault Propagation Folds in the Active North Ecuador–South Colombia Margin 151
Achyuta Ayan Misra
References 153
29 Antiformal Stacks and Hinterland Dipping Duplexes in the North Ecuador–South Colombia Margin 155
Achyuta Ayan Misra
29.1 Antiformal Stack 155
29.2 Hinterland Dipping Duplex 155
References 160
Part III Mobile Substrates 161
30 Compressional Salt‐Related Structures in the Western Quele Area, Kuqa Depression, Tarim Basin, China 163
Zhenyun Wu, Hongwei Yin, and Hemin A. Koyi
References 165
31 Reactive Salt Diapir, Southern Precaspian Basin, Middle Asia 167
Zhenyun Wu, Hongwei Yin, and Junzhang Zheng
References 170
32 Detection of Potential Slide Planes in Onshore Urban Areas Using Shear Wave Reflection Seismics 171
Charlotte M. Krawczyk and U. Polom
References 173
33 Detection of Mobile Quick‐Clay Layers Using Shear Wave Reflection Seismics 175
Charlotte M. Krawczyk and U. Polom
References 176
34 Growth Fault‐Thrust Belts with Single Detachment in the Krishna–Godavari Basin, India 177
Achyuta Ayan Misra
References 182
35 Growth Fault‐Thrust Belts with Multiple Detachments in the Krishna–Godavari Basin, India 183
Achyuta Ayan Misra
References 186
36 Growth Fault‐Thrust Belts with a Small Translation Zone in the Mumbai Offshore Basin, India 187
Achyuta Ayan Misra
References 190
37 Growth Structures and Unconformities in the Upper Evaporites, Red Sea 191
Neil C. Mitchell and Marco Ligi
References 193
Part IV Tectonic/Regional Structures 195
38 BABEL4: Crustal Structures of the Precambrian Svecofennian Accretionary Orogen in the Fennoscandian Shield 197
Pekka Heikkinen and Annakaisa Korja
References 199
39 BABEL7: Crustal‐Scale Extension Associated with the Formation of the Baltic Sea Paleorift, Fennoscandian Shield 201
Annakaisa Korja and Pekka Heikkinen
References 203
40 BABEL3&3a: Crustal‐Scale Structures of the Precambrian Svecofennian Accretionary Orogen in the Fennoscandian Shield 205
Annakaisa Korja, Pekka Heikkinen, Timo Tiira and Kaisa Nikkilä
References 208
41 Magma‐Poor Rifting in the Indian Eastern Continental Margin 209
Achyuta Ayan Misra
References 214
42 The Ratnagiri Fracture Zone: A Paleo Oceanic‐Fracture‐Zone in the Mumbai‐Ratnagiri Offshore Region, West India 215
Achyuta Ayan Misra, Neeraj Sinha, and Soumyajit Mukherjee
References 219
43 Normal Faults on the Downgoing Plate in an Arc–Continent Collision at East Timor, N Timor Sea 221
Achyuta Ayan Misra and Abhimanyu Maitra
References 228
44 The Gop Rift: A Paleo Slow Spreading Centre, Offshore Gujarat, India 229
Achyuta Ayan Misra, Neeraj Sinha, and Soumyajit Mukherjee
References 233
45 Transform Margin in the Cauvery Basin, Indian East Coast Passive Margin 235
Achyuta Ayan Misra and Swagato Dasgupta
References 239
46 Proximal and Distal Margin Examples from the Eastern Continental Passive Margin of India 241
M. Nemčok, C. Welker, S. Sinha, M. Choudhuri, S. Sharma, S. Venkatraman, and N. Sinha
Reference 252
47 Distal Margin Examples from the Continental Passive Margin of Gabon 253
M. Nemčok, C. Welker, S. Sinha, M. Choudhuri, S. Sharma, S. Venkatraman, and N. Sinha
Reference 255
48 Pitfalls in Interpretation 257
Achyuta Ayan Misra and Ashok Yadav
References 260
Index 263
