Methods in Bioethics : The Way We Reason Now

著者名：Arras, John

Oxford University Press（2017/08/11発売）

• 言語：ENG
• ISBN：9780190665982
• eISBN：9780190666002

Description

This book provides an overview and critical discussion of the main philosophical methods that have dominated the field of bioethics since its origins in the late 1960s and early 1970s. The first three chapters outline some influential theories that are important to understanding the methodological approaches that follow. Chapter 1 offers a survey of the theory of principlism as expounded by Tom Beauchamp and James Childress, Chapter 2 examines Bernard Gert's defense of common morality, and Chapter 3 discusses the so-called "new casuistry." The next three chapters trace a historical dialectic. Chapter 4 explores the shift that has increasingly occurred in bioethics away from the pursuit of objectivity or truth and towards narrative ethics, while Chapter 5 uncovers the "classical" roots of American pragmatism and explains their on-going relevance for contemporary bioethics. This paves the way for Chapter 6's examination of "freestanding" pragmatists such as Susan Wolf who, in contrast, see their approach as untethered to the classical canon of American pragmatism. With this background firmly established, the next two chapters handle some influential contemporary approaches. Chapter 7 considers the "internal morality" approach to medicine; chapter 8 discusses the method of reflective equilibrium. Chapter 9 summarizes and reflects on the results of the preceding eight chapters. Rather than staking out and defending a final position, the book aspires to uncover the advantages and disadvantages of the different methodological approaches. In the words of Kierkegaard, it aims to make life "harder" rather than "easier" for bioethics by uncovering some outstanding challenges.

Table of Contents

PrefaceIntroduction1. Principlism: The Borg of Bioethics2. A Common Morality for Hedgehogs: Bernard Gert3. Getting Down to Cases: The Revival of Casuistry in Bioethics4. Nice Story but So What: Narrative and Justification in Ethics5. Dewey and Rorty's Pragmatism and Bioethics6. Freestanding Pragmatism in Bioethics and Law7. A Method in Search of a Purpose: The Internal Morality of Medicine8. One Method to Rule Them All? Reflective Equilibrium in Bioethics9. Concluding Reflections: Method in Bioethics-The Very Idea