Description
The proposal to vaccinate adolescent girls against the human papilloma virus ignited political controversy, as did the advent of fracking and a host of other emerging technologies. These disputes attest to the persistent gap between expert and public perceptions. Complicating the communication of sound science and the debates that surround the societal applications of that science is a changing media environment in which misinformation can elicit belief without corrective context and likeminded individuals are prone to seek ideologically comforting information within their own self-constructed media enclaves.Drawing on the expertise of leading science communication scholars from six countries, The Oxford Handbook of the Science of Science Communication not only charts the media landscape - from news and entertainment to blogs and films - but also examines the powers and perils of human biases - from the disposition to seek confirming evidence to the inclination to overweight endpoints in a trend line. In the process, it draws together the best available social science on ways to communicate science while also minimizing the pernicious effects of human bias.The Handbook adds case studies exploring instances in which communication undercut or facilitated the access to scientific evidence. The range of topics addressed is wide, from genetically engineered organisms and nanotechnology to vaccination controversies and climate change. Also unique to this book is a focus on the complexities of involving the public in decision making about the uses of science, the regulations that should govern its application, and the ethical boundaries within which science should operate. The Handbook is an invaluable resource for researchers in the communication fields, particularly in science and health communication, as well as to scholars involved in research on scientific topics susceptible to distortion in partisan debate.
Table of Contents
Introduction: Why Science Communication?Editors - Dan Kahan, Dietram Scheufele, and Kathleen Hall JamiesonPart I: THE SCIENCE OF COMMUNICATING SCIENCE1. The Need for a Science of Science Communication: Communicating Science's Values and NormsKathleen Hall Jamieson - Elizabeth Ware Packard Professor of Communication and Director, Annenberg Public Policy Center - University of Pennsylvania2. Overview of the Science of Science CommunicationHeather Akin - Annenberg Public Policy Center Postdoctoral Fellow in Science of Science of Communication - University of PennsylvaniaDietram Scheufele - John E. Ross Professor of Science Communication and Vilas Distinguished Achievement Professor - University of Wisconsin-Madison, and Morgridge Institute for Research3. On the Sources of Ordinary Science Knowledge and Extraordinary Science IgnoranceDan Kahan - Elizabeth K. Dollard Professor of Law and Professor of Psychology - Yale University4. How Changing Media Structures Are Affecting Science News CoverageMike S. Schäfer - Professor of Science Communication - University of Zürich, Switzerland5. What the Public Thinks and Knows about Science: And Why It MattersWilliam Hallman - Professor of Human Ecology - Rutgers University6. Scientific Controversies: Can the Science of Science Communication Provide Management Guidance or only Analysis?Bruce Lewenstein - Professor of Science Communication - Cornell University7. A Recap: The Science of Communicating ScienceJoseph Hilgard - Annenberg Public Policy Center Postdoctoral Fellow in Science of Science of Communication - University of PennsylvaniaNan Li - Assistant Professor of Agricultural Education and Communications - Texas Tech UniversityPart II: IDENTIFYING AND OVERCOMING CHALLENGES TO SCIENCE FEATURED IN ATTACKS ON SCIENCE8. Science as "Broken" vs. Science as "Self-Correcting": How Retractions and Peer-Review Problems are Exploited to Attack ScienceJoseph Hilgard - Annenberg Public Policy Center Postdoctoral Fellow in Science of Science of Communication - University of PennsylvaniaKathleen Hall Jamieson - Elizabeth Ware Packard Professor of Communication and Director, Annenberg Public Policy Center - University of Pennsylvania9. Publication Bias in Science: What is it, Why is it Problematic, and How Can It Be Addressed?Andrew Brown - Scientist, Nutrition and Obesity Research Center and Office of Energetics - University of Alabama at BirminghamTapan Mehta - Assistant Professor in Health Services Administration and Associate Scientist, Nutrition Obesity Research Center - University of Alabama at BirminghamDavid Allison - Quetelet Endowed Professor of Public Health, Associate Dean for Science, and Director, Office of Energetics - University of Alabama at Birmingham10. Statistical Biases in Science Communication: What We Know About Them and How They Can Be AddressedJohn Ioannidis - C.F. Rehnborg Chair in Disease Prevention, Professor of Medicine, and Director, Stanford Prevention Research Center (SPRC) - Stanford University11. Is there a Hype Problem in Science? If So, How is it Addressed?Peter Weingart - Professor Emeritus and former Director, Center for Interdisciplinary Research - University of Bielefeld, Germany12. Is there a Retraction Problem? And, If So, What Do We Know About How It Is and Can Be Addressed?Adam Marcus - Co-Founder - Retraction Watch; Managing Editor - Gastroenterology & Endoscopy News and Anesthesiology NewsIvan Oransky - Co-Founder - Retraction Watch; Vice President and Global Editorial Director - MedPage Today13. A Recap: Identifying and Overcoming Challenges to Science Featured in Attacks on ScienceJoseph Hilgard - Annenberg Public Policy Center Postdoctoral Fellow in Science of Science of Communication - University of PennsylvaniaPART III: SCIENCE COMUNICATION IN ACTION: FAILURES & SUCCESSES14. A Comparative Study of Communication about Food Safety Before, During and After the "Mad Cow" CrisisMatteo Ferrari - Assistant Professor of Private Law - University of Trento, Italy15. Cross-National Comparative Communication and Deliberation about the Risks of NanotechnologiesNick Pidgeon - Professor of Environmental Psychology and Director, Understanding Risk Research Group - Cardiff University, WalesBarbara Herr Harthorn - Professor of Anthropology, Director, NSF Center for Nanotechnology in Society, and group leader, NSF/EPA UC Center for Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology - University of California, Santa BarbaraTerre Satterfield -Professor of Culture, Risk and the Environment and Director, Institute for Resources, Environment and Sustainability - University of British Columbia, CanadaChristina Demski - Professor of Social & Environmental Psychology and Research Associate, Understanding Risk Research Group - Cardiff University, Wales16. Communications about Biotechnologies and GMOs across EuropeHeinz Bonfadelli - Professor Emeritus - University of Zürich, Switzerland17. A Tale of Two Vaccines - and their Science Communication EnvironmentsDan Kahan - Elizabeth K. Dollard Professor of Law and Professor of Psychology - Yale UniversityAsheley Landrum - Annenberg Public Policy Center Postdoctoral Fellow in Science of Science of Communication - University of Pennsylvania18. A Recap: Science Communication in ActionHeather Akin - Annenberg Public Policy Center Postdoctoral Fellow in Science of Science of Communication - University of PennsylvaniaPART IV: THE ROLES OF ELITE INTERMEDIARIES IN COMMUNICATING SCIENCE19. Science Communication at Scientific InstitutionsTiffany Lohwater - Director of Meetings and Public Engagement - American Association for the Advancement of ScienceMartin Storksdieck - Professor and Director, Center for Research on Lifelong STEM Learning - Oregon State University20. The Role of Scholarly Presses and JournalsBarbara Kline Pope - Executive Director for Communications - The National Academies; Executive Director - National Academies PressElizabeth Marincola - Chief Executive Officer - Public Library of Science (PLOS)21. The Role of Governmental Organizations in Communicating About Regulating ScienceJeffery Morris - National Program Director for Nanotechnology - Environmental Protection Agency22. Science Communication and Museums' Changing RolesVictoria Cain - Assistant Professor of History - Northeastern UniversityKaren Rader - Associate Professor of History - Virginia Commonwealth University23. The Role of Funding Organizations: FoundationsElizabeth Good Christopherson - President and Chief Executive Officer - Rita Allen Foundation24. Promoting Popular Understanding of Science and Health through Social NetworksBrian Southwell - Director, Center for Communication Science - RTI International; Adjunct Professor (Energy Initiative) - Duke University; Research Professor (Media & Journalism) and Adjunct Associate Professor (Health Behavior) - University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill25. Designing Public Deliberation at the Intersection of Science and Public PolicyJohn Gastil - Head and Professor of Communication Arts and Sciences and Political Science - Pennsylvania State University26. Translating Science into Policy and Legislation: Evidence-informed Policy MakingJason Gallo - Science and Technology Policy Analyst - Science and Technology Policy Institute27. A Recap: The Role of Intermediaries in Communicating Science: A SynthesisAsheley Landrum - Annenberg Public Policy Center Postdoctoral Fellow in Science of Science of Communication - University of PennsylvaniaPart V: THE ROLE, POWER, AND PERIL OF MEDIA FOR THE COMMUNICATION OF SCIENCE28. The (Changing) Nature of Scientist-Media Interactions: A Cross National AnalysisSara Yeo - Assistant Professor of Communication - University of UtahDominique Brossard - Professor and Chair, Department of Life Sciences Communication - University of Wisconsin-Madison29. New Models of Knowledge-Based JournalismMatthew Nisbet - Associate Professor of Communication Studies, and Affiliate Associate Professor of Public Policy and Urban Affairs - Northeastern UniversityDeclan Fahy - Professor of Communication - Dublin City University30. Citizens Making Sense of Science Issues: Supply and Demand Factors for Science News and Information in the Digital AgeMichael Xenos - CAPs Professor and Department Chair, Department of Communication Arts - University of Wisconsin-Madison31. The Changing Popular Images of ScienceDavid Kirby - Senior Lecturer in Science Communication Studies - University of Manchester, England32. What Do We Know About the Entertainment Industry's Portrayal of Science? How Does It Affect Public Attitudes Toward Science?James Shanahan - Professor and Dean, Media School - Indiana University33. How Narrative Functions in Entertainment to Communicate ScienceMartin Kaplan - Norman Lear Professor of Entertainment, Media and Society and Director, Norman Lear Center - University of Southern CaliforniaMichael Dahlstrom - Associate Professor of Journalism and Communication Iowa State University34. Assumptions about Science in Satirical News and Late Night ComedyLauren Feldman - Associate Professor of Communication and Information - Rutgers University35. A Recap: The Role, Power, and Peril of Media for the Communication of ScienceNan Li - Assistant Professor of Agricultural Education and Communications - Texas Tech UniversityRobert Lull - Annenberg Public Policy Center Postdoctoral Fellow in Science of Science of Communication - University of PennsylvaniaPart VI: CHALLENGES IN COMMUNICATING SCIENCE IN A POLARIZED ENVIRONMENT36. Countering False Beliefs: An Analysis of the Evidence and Recommendations of Best Practices for the Retraction and Correction of Scientific MisinformationMan-pui Sally Chan - Postdoctoral Research Associate, Psychology - University of Illinois at Urbana-ChampaignChristopher Jones - Annenberg Public Policy Center Postdoctoral Fellow (2014-16) - University of PennsylvaniaDolores Albarracin - Professor of Psychology and Business - University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign37. Using Frames to Make Scientific Communication More EffectiveJames Druckman - Payson S. Wild Professor of Political Science and FacultyFellow, Institute for Policy Research - Northwestern UniversityArthur Lupia - Hal R. Varian Professor of Political Science - University of Michigan38. Philosophical Impediments to Citizens' Use of ScienceJonathan Baron - Professor of Psychology - University of Pennsylvania.39. Overcoming Confirmation and Blind Spot Bias When Communicating ScienceKate Kenski - Associate Professor of Communication and Government & Public Policy - University of Arizona40. Understanding and Overcoming Selective Exposure and Judgement When Communicating About ScienceNatalie (Talia) Jomini Stroud - Associate Professor of Communication Studies and Assistant Director of Research, Annette Strauss Institute for Civic Life - University of Texas at Austin41. Overcoming Innumeracy and the Use of Heuristics When Communicating ScienceEllen Peters - Professor of Psychology and Director, Behavioral Decision Making Initiative - Ohio State University42. Overcoming Biases in Processing of Time Series Data about ClimateBruce Hardy - Assistant Professor of Strategic Communication - Temple UniversityKathleen Hall Jamieson - Elizabeth Ware Packard Professor of Communication and Director, Annenberg Public Policy Center - University of Pennsylvania43. Understanding and Overcoming Fear of the Unnatural in Discussion of GMOsRobert Lull - Annenberg Public Policy Center Postdoctoral Fellow in Science of Science of Communication - University of PennsylvaniaDietram Scheufele - John E. Ross Professor of Science Communication and Vilas Distinguished Achievement Professor - University of Wisconsin-Madison, and Morgridge Institute for Research44. Protecting or Polluting the Science Communication Environment? The Case of Childhood VaccinesDan Kahan - Elizabeth K. Dollard Professor of Law and Professor of Psychology - Yale University45. Overcoming False Causal Attribution: Debunking the MMR-Autism AssociationNan Li - Assistant Professor of Agricultural Education and Communications - Texas Tech UniversityTalia Stroud - Associate Professor of Communication Studies and Assistant Director of Research, Annette Strauss Institute for Civic Life - University of Texas at AustinKathleen Hall Jamieson - Elizabeth Ware Packard Professor of Communication - Annenberg School for Communication and Director, Annenberg Public Policy Center - University of Pennsylvania46. Overcoming the Challenges of Communicating Uncertainty Across National ContextsMichael Siegrist - Professor of Consumer Behavior and Head of Institute for Environmental Decisions - ETH Zürich, SwitzerlandChristina Hartmann - Professor of Consumer Behavior, Department of Health Sciences and Technology - ETH Zürich, Switzerland47. A Recap: Heuristics, Biases, Values and Other Challenges to Communicating ScienceHeather Akin - Annenberg Public Policy Center Postdoctoral Fellow in Science of Science of Communication - University of PennsylvaniaAsheley Landrum - Annenberg Public Policy Center Postdoctoral Fellow in Science of Science of Communication - University of PennsylvaniaConclusion: On the Horizon: The Changing Science Communication EnvironmentEditors - Dietram Scheufele, Kathleen Hall Jamieson, and Dan KahanIndex
