Description
Alongside other types of mass atrocities, genocide has received extensive scholarly, policy, and practitioner attention. Missing, however, is the contribution of economists to better understand and prevent such crimes. This edited collection by 41 accomplished scholars examines economic aspects of genocides, other mass atrocities, and their prevention.Chapters include numerous case studies (e.g., California's Yana people, Australia's Aborigines peoples, Stalin's killing of Ukrainians, Belarus, the Holocaust, Rwanda, DR Congo, Indonesia, Pakistan, Colombia, Mexico's drug wars, and the targeting of suspects during the Vietnam war), probing literature reviews, and completely novel work based on extraordinary country-specific datasets. Also included are chapters on the demographic, gendered, and economic class nature of genocide. Replete with research- and policy-relevant findings, new insights are derived from behavioral economics, law and economics, political economy, macroeconomic modeling, microeconomics, development economics, industrial organization, identity economics, and other fields. Analytical approaches include constrained optimization theory, game theory, and sophisticated statistical work in data-mining, econometrics, and forecasting.A foremost finding of the book concerns atrocity architects' purposeful, strategic use of violence, often manipulating nonrational proclivities among ordinary people to sway their participation in mass murder. Relatively understudied in the literature, the book also analyzes the options of victims before, during, and after mass violence. Further, the book shows how well-intended prevention efforts can backfire and increase violence, how wrong post-genocide design can entrench vested interests to reinforce exclusion of vulnerable peoples, and how businesses can become complicit in genocide. In addition to the necessity of healthy opportunities in employment, education, and key sectors in prevention work, the book shows why new genocide prevention laws and institutions must be based on reformulated incentives that consider insights from law and economics, behavioral economics, and collective action economics.
Table of Contents
PART I - ECONOMICS AND MASS ATROCITIES: OVERVIEWChapter 1: On the Economics of Genocides, Other Mass Atrocities, and Their PreventionCharles H. Anderton and Jurgen BrauerChapter 2: "A Crime Without A Name": Defining Genocide and Mass AtrocityJames E. WallerChapter 3: Datasets and Trends of Genocides, Mass Killings, and Other Civilian AtrocitiesCharles H. AndertonChapter 4: The Demography of GenocideTadeusz KuglerChapter 5: The Macroeconomic Toll of Genocide and the Sources of Economic DevelopmentDimitrios Soudis, Robert Inklaar, and Robbert MaselandPART II: ECONOMICS AND MASS ATROCITIES: THEORETICAL APPROACHES AND REVIEWS OF EMPIRICAL LITERATUREChapter 6: Genocide and Mass Killing Risk and Prevention: Perspectives from Constrained Optimization ModelsCharles H. Anderton and Jurgen BrauerChapter 7: Incentives and Constraints for Mass Killings: A Game-Theoretic ApproachJoan Esteban, Massimo Morelli, and Dominic RohnerChapter 8: Genocide: From Social Structure to Political ConductNéstor Duch-Brown and Antonio FonfríaChapter 9: The Microeconomic Causes and Consequences of Genocides and Mass AtrocitiesPatricia JustinoChapter 10: Development and the Risk of Mass Atrocities: An Assessment of the Empirical LiteratureAnke HoefflerChapter 11: Who Stays and Who Leaves During Mass Atrocities?Ana María Ibáñez and Andrés MoyaChapter 12: Media Persuasion, Ethnic Hatred, and Mass Violence: A Brief Overview of Recent AdvancesMaria Petrova and David Yanagizawa-DrottPART III - ECONOMICS AND MASS ATROCITIES: CASE STUDIES IChapter 13: "For Being Aboriginal" - Economic Perspectives on Pre-Holocaust GenocidesJurgen Brauer and Raul CarusoChapter 14: Identity and Incentives: An Economic Interpretation of the HolocaustRaul CarusoChapter 15: The Economics of Genocide in RwandaWilla FriedmanChapter 16: Peace and the Killing: Compatible Logics in the Democratic Republic of the CongoZoë MarriageChapter 17: Gender and the Genocidal EconomyElisa von Joeden-ForgeyPART IV - ECONOMICS AND MASS ATROCITIES: CASE STUDIES IIChapter 18: On the Logistics of Violence: Evidence from Stalin's Great Terror, Nazi-Occupied Belarus, and Modern African Civil WarsYuri M. ZhukovChapter 19: Strategic Atrocities: Civilians under Crossfire - Theory and Evidence from ColombiaJuan F. VargasChapter 20: From Pax Narcótica to Guerra Pública: Explaining Civilian Violence in Mexico's Illicit Drug WarsNeil T.N. Ferguson, Maren M. Michaelsen, and Topher L. McDougalChapter 21: Long-Term Economic Development in the Presence of an Episode of Mass Killing: The Case of Indonesia, 1965-1966S. Mansoob Murshed and Mohammad Zulfan TadjoeddinChapter 22: Economic Foundations of Religious Killings and Genocide with Special Reference to Pakistan, 1978-2012Partha GangopadhyayChapter 23: Understanding Civil War Violence through Military Intelligence: Mining Suspects' Records from the Vietnam WarRex W. DouglassPART V - ECONOMICS AND MASS ATROCITIES: TOWARD PREDICTION AND PREVENTIONChapter 24: Economic Risk Factors and Predictive Modeling of Genocide and Mass KillingCharles R. Butcher and Benjamin E. GoldsmithChapter 25: Business in Genocide: Understanding and Avoiding ComplicityNora M. Stel and Wim NaudéChapter 26: Valuing Lives You Might Save: Understanding Psychic Numbing in the Face of GenocidePaul Slovic, Daniel Västfjäll, Robin Gregory, and Kimberly G. OlsonChapter 27: Genocides and Other Mass Atrocities: A Law and Economics ApproachJurgen Brauer, Charles H. Anderton, and David SchapChapter 28: Local and National Democracy in Political ReconstructionRoger B. Myerson
