『キレイならいいのか：ビュ－ティ・バイアス 』(原書) The Beauty Bias : The Injustice of Appearance in Life and Law

著者名：Rhode, Deborah L.

Oxford University Press（2010/05/06発売）

• 言語：ENG
• ISBN：9780195372878
• eISBN：9780199779451

Description

"It hurts to be beautiful" has been a cliche for centuries. What has been far less appreciated is how much it hurts not to be beautiful. The Beauty Bias explores our cultural preoccupation with attractiveness, the costs it imposes, and the responses it demands.Beauty may be only skin deep, but the damages associated with its absence go much deeper. Unattractive individuals are less likely to be hired and promoted, and are assumed less likely to have desirable traits, such as goodness, kindness, and honesty. Three quarters of women consider appearance important to their self image and over a third rank it as the most important factor.Although appearance can be a significant source of pleasure, its price can also be excessive, not only in time and money, but also in physical and psychological health. Our annual global investment in appearance totals close to $200 billion. Many individuals experience stigma, discrimination, and related difficulties, such as eating disorders, depression, and risky dieting and cosmetic procedures. Women bear a vastly disproportionate share of these costs, in part because they face standards more exacting than those for men, and pay greater penalties for falling short.The Beauty Bias explores the social, biological, market, and media forces that have contributed to appearance-related problems, as well as feminism's difficulties in confronting them. The book also reviews why it matters. Appearance-related bias infringes fundamental rights, compromises merit principles, reinforces debilitating stereotypes, and compounds the disadvantages of race, class, and gender. Yet only one state and a half dozen localities explicitly prohibit such discrimination. The Beauty Bias provides the first systematic survey of how appearance laws work in practice, and a compelling argument for extending their reach. The book offers case histories of invidious discrimination and a plausible legal and political strategy for addressing them. Our prejudices run deep, but we can do far more to promote realistic and healthy images of attractiveness, and to reduce the price of their pursuit.

Table of Contents

Preface1. IntroductionThe Personal Becomes Political: The Trouble With ShoesThe Costs and Consequences of AppearanceSurveying the Foundations: Social, Biological, Economic, Technological, and Media ForcesFeminist Challenges and ResponsesAppearance Discrimination: Social Wrongs and Legal RightsLegal FrameworksA Roadmap for Reform2. The Importance of Appearance and the Costs of ConformityDefinitions of Attractiveness and Forms of DiscriminationInterpersonal Relationships and Economic OpportunitiesSelf- Esteem, Stigma, and Quality of LifeGender DifferencesThe Price of Upkeep: Time and MoneyHealth RisksBias3. The Pursuit of BeautySociobiological FoundationsCultural Values, Status, and IdentityMarket ForcesTechnologyThe MediaAdvertisingThe Culture of Beauty4. Critics and Their CriticsNineteenth and Early Twentieth Century CriticsThe Contemporary Women's MovementCriticsResponsesPersonal Interests and Political CommitmentsBeyond the Impasse5. The Injustice of DiscriminationEnsuring Equal Opportunity: Challenging Stigma and StereotypesChallenging Subordination Based on Class, Race, Ethnicity, Gender, Disability, and Sexual OrientationProtecting Self-Expression: Personal Liberty and Cultural IdentityThe Rationale for Discrimination and Resistance to ProhibitionsThe Parallel of Sex HarassmentThe Contributions of Law6. Legal FrameworksThe Limitations of Prevailing Legal FrameworksProhibitions on Appearance DiscriminationA Comparative Approach: European Responses to Appearance DiscriminationThe Contributions and Limitations of Legal Prohibitions on Appearance DiscriminationConsumer Protection: Prohibitions on False and Fraudulent Marketing PracticesDirections for Reform7. Strategies for ChangeDefining the GoalIndividualsBusiness and the MediaLaw and Policy