アメリカにおける教育の機会均等へ向けて Closing the Opportunity Gap : What America Must Do to Give Every Child an Even Chance

著者名：Carter, Prudence L. (EDT)/Welner, Kevin G. (EDT)

Oxford University Press（2013/04/26発売）

• 言語：ENG
• ISBN：9780199982981
• eISBN：9780199983018

Description

While the achievement gap has dominated policy discussions over the past two decades, relatively little attention has been paid to a gap even more at odds with American ideals: the opportunity gap. Opportunity and achievement, while inextricably connected, are very different goals. Every American will not go to college, but every American should be given a fair chance to be prepared for college. In communities across the U.S., children lack the crucial resources and opportunities, inside and outside of schools that they need if they are to reach their potential.Closing the Opportunity Gap offers accessible, research-based essays written by top experts who highlight the discrepancies that exist in our public schools, focusing on how policy decisions and life circumstances conspire to create the "opportunity gap" that leads inexorably to stark achievement gaps. They also describe sensible policies grounded in evidence that can restore and enhance opportunities. Moving beyond conventional academic discourse, Closing the Opportunity Gap will spark vital new conversations about what schools, parents, educators, and policymakers can and should do to give all children a fair chance to thrive.

Table of Contents

AcknowledgementsList of ContributorsChapter 1. Achievement Gaps Arise from Opportunity Gaps, Kevin G. Welner & Prudence L. CarterChapter 2. Lack of Achievement or Loss of Opportunity?, Gloria Ladson-BillingsPart One: Overcoming the Obstacles We Create for ChildrenChapter 3. Educationalizing the Welfare State and Privatizing Education: The Irony of Recent School Reform, Harvey Kantor & Robert LoweChapter 4. Going to the Roots: Race, Housing, and School Inequality Costs and Possible Solutions, Gary OrfieldChapter 5. Why Children from Lower Socioeconomic Classes, on Average, Have Lower Academic Achievement than Middle-Class Children, Richard RothsteinPart Two: Overcoming the Obstacles We Create for SchoolsChapter 6. Inequality and School Resources: What it Will Take to Close the Opportunity Gap?, Linda Darling-HammondChapter 7. Achievement Gaps Start Early: Preschool Can Help, W. Steven Barnett & Cynthia E. LamyChapter 8. How Common Standards and Standardized Testing Widen the Opportunity Gap, Yong Zhao & Christopher TienkenChapter 9. A More Perfect Union: Reconciling School Choice Policy with Equality of Opportunity Goals, Janelle Scott & Amy Stuart WellsPart Three: Overcoming the Obstacles We Create for TeachersChapter 10. Student and School Cultures & the Opportunity Gap: Paying Attention and Engaging Better, Prudence L. CarterChapter 11. Meeting the Needs of Language Minorities, Patricia GándaraChapter 12. Tracking, Segregation, and the Opportunity Gap: What We Know and Why It Matters, Karolyn TysonChapter 13. Good Schools and Teachers for All Students: Dispelling Myths, Facing Evidence, and Pursuing the Right Strategies, Barnett BerryPart Four: Solutions/ConclusionChapter 14. The Cumulative Costs of the Opportunity Gap, Clive Belfield & Hank LevinChapter 15. Enhancing a Nation's Democracy through Equitable Schools, Michele Moses & John RogersChapter 16. Building Opportunities to Achieve, Prudence L. Carter & Kevin G. WelnerNotesReferencesIndex