Description
The use of optical methodology, instrumentation and photonics devices for imaging, vision and optical sensing is of increasing importance in understanding our marine environment. Subsea optics can make an important contribution to the protection and sustainable management of ocean resources and contribute to monitoring the response of marine systems to climate change. This important book provides an authoritative review of key principles, technologies and their applications.The book is divided into three parts. The first part provides a general introduction to the key concepts in subsea optics and imaging, imaging technologies and the development of ocean optics and colour analysis. Part two reviews the use of subsea optics in environmental analysis. An introduction to the concepts of underwater light fields is followed by an overview of coloured dissolved organic matter (CDOM) and an assessment of nutrients in the water column. This section concludes with discussions of the properties of subsea bioluminescence, harmful algal blooms and their impact and finally an outline of optical techniques for studying suspended sediments, turbulence and mixing in the marine environment. Part three reviews subsea optical systems technologies. A general overview of imaging and visualisation using conventional photography and video leads onto advanced techniques like digital holography, laser line-scanning and range-gated imaging as well as their use in controlled observation platforms or global observation networks. This section also outlines techniques like Raman spectroscopy, hyperspectral sensing and imaging, laser Doppler anemometry (LDA) and particle image velocimetry (PIV), optical fibre sensing and LIDAR systems. Finally, a chapter on fluorescence methodologies brings the volume to a close.With its distinguished editor and international team of contributors, Subsea optics and imaging is a standard reference for those researching, developing and using subsea optical technologies as well as environmental scientists and agencies concerned with monitoring the marine environment.- Provides an authoritative review of key principles, technologies and their applications- Outlines the key concepts in subsea optics and imaging, imaging technologies and the development of ocean optics and colour analysis- Reviews the properties of subsea bioluminescence, harmful algal blooms and their impact
Table of Contents
Contributor contact detailsWoodhead Publishing Series in Electronic and Optical MaterialsPrefacePart I: Introduction and historic review of subsea optics and imagingChapter 1: Subsea optics: an introductionAbstract:1.1 Light within aquatic media1.2 Fundamentals of marine optics1.3 Optical properties of natural waters1.4 Optical classification of water bodies1.5 Conclusion and future trends1.6 Sources of further information and adviceChapter 2: Subsea imaging and vision: an introductionAbstract:2.1 Introduction2.2 A 'potted' and selective history of underwater imaging and vision2.3 Subsea optical imaging2.4 Extended range imaging systems2.5 Plankton imaging and profiling systems2.6 Hybrid systems2.7 Future trends2.8 Sources of further information and adviceChapter 3: The history of subsea opticsAbstract:3.1 Introduction3.2 Exploring the arcane colouring of natural waters3.3 Blue reflecting and green transmitting water3.4 The principles of Capri's Blue Grotto3.5 Historical pieces of laboratory equipment3.6 Historical pieces of field equipment3.7 Ocean colour comparator scales3.8 Conclusion3.9 Remarkable notes and thoughtsPart II: Biogeochemical optics in the environmentChapter 4: Measurement of hyperspectral underwater light fieldsAbstract:4.1 Hyperspectral versus multispectral radiometry4.2 Radiometry fundamentals4.3 Sensor design and collector geometry4.4 Spectral resolution, noise levels and temporal response4.5 Radiometer calibration and deployment4.6 Hyperspectral characteristics of natural waters4.7 Significance of transpectral processes4.8 Conclusion and future trendsChapter 5: Colored dissolved organic matter in seawaterAbstract:5.1 Introduction5.2 Optical properties of CDOM5.3 Measurement of CDOM5.4 Applications of CDOM measurement in the ocean5.5 Future trends5.6 Sources of further information and adviceChapter 6: Optical assessment of nutrients in seawaterAbstract:6.1 Introduction6.2 Direct optical measurement6.3 Indirect optical measurement6.4 Conclusion and future trendsChapter 7: Bioluminescence in the seaAbstract:7.1 Introduction7.2 Measurement of bioluminescence in the ocean7.3 Propagation of bioluminescence in and out of the ocean7.4 Future trends7.5 AcknowledgementsChapter 8: Optical assessment of harmful algal blooms (HABs)Abstract:8.1 Introduction: addressing the diversity of harmful algal blooms8.2 Algal features for bio-optical assessment8.3 Scale and resolution in surveillance of algal blooms8.4 Emerging advancement in bio-optical sensor technologies8.5 Transfer to operational oceanographyChapter 9: Optical techniques in studying suspended sediments, turbulence and mixing in marine environmentsAbstract:9.1 Introduction9.2 Particles in seawater: their mass, density and settling speed9.3 Particle size distributions9.4 Particles and turbulence9.5 Light scattering by particles9.6 Light absorption by particles9.7 Direct and remote sensing9.8 Future trendsPart III: Subsea optical systems and imagingChapter 10: Geometric optics and strategies for subsea imagingAbstract:10.1 Introduction10.2 Fundamentals of optics10.3 Imaging optics10.4 Aberrations and resolving power10.5 Sensor10.6 Illumination10.7 Data and communication10.8 Limitations10.9 Acknowledgement10.11 Appendix: Legend to the symbolsChapter 11: Underwater imaging: photographic, digital and video techniquesAbstract:11.1 Introduction11.2 Conventional imaging11.3 Illumination11.4 Future trendsChapter 12: Subsea holography and submersible ‘holocameras’Abstract:12.1 Introduction12.2 Concepts of holography12.3 Electronic recording and replay (digital holography)12.4 Aberrations and resolution in underwater holography12.5 Holographic cameras12.6 Future trends12.7 Conclusion12.8 Sources of further information and advice12.9 AcknowledgementsChapter 13: Subsea laser scanning and imaging systemsAbstract:13.1 Introduction13.
