Description
The processing-microstructure-property relationships in steels continue to present challenges to researchers because of the complexity of phase transformation reactions and the wide spectrum of microstructures and properties achievable. This major two-volume work summarises the current state of research on phase transformations in steels and its implications for the emergence of new steels with enhanced engineering properties.Volume 1 reviews fundamentals and diffusion-controlled phase transformations. After a historical overview, chapters in part one discuss fundamental principles of thermodynamics, diffusion and kinetics as well as phase boundary interfaces. Chapters in part two go on to consider ferrite formation, proeutectoid ferrite and cementite transformations, pearlite formation and massive austenite-ferrite phase transformations. Part three discusses the mechanisms of bainite transformations, including carbide-containing and carbide-free bainite. The final part of the book considers additional driving forces for transformation including nucleation and growth during austenite-to-ferrite phase transformations, dynamic strain-induced ferrite transformations (DIST) as well as the effects of magnetic fields and heating rates.With its distinguished editors and distinguished international team of contributors, the two volumes of Phase transformations in steels is a standard reference for all those researching the properties of steel and developing new steels in such areas as automotive engineering, oil and gas and energy production.- Discusses the fundamental principles of thermodynamics, diffusion and kinetics- Considers various transformations, including ferrite formation, proeutectoid ferrite and cementite transformations- Considers additional driving forces for transformation including nucleation and growth during austenite-to-ferrite phase transformations
Table of Contents
Part I: Fundamentals of phase transformationsChapter 1: The historical development of phase transformations understanding in ferrous alloysAbstract:1.1 Introduction1.2 The legacy of ferrous technology, characterization, and understanding prior to 18801.3 The recognition of ferrous phase transformations in the first period (1880–1925)1.4 The consolidation of ferrous phase transformations in the second period (1925–1970)1.5 Conclusion1.6 BibliographyChapter 2: Thermodynamics of phase transformations in steelsAbstract:2.1 Introduction: the use of thermodynamics in phase transformations2.2 External and internal variables2.3 The state of equilibrium2.4 The combined first and second law – its application2.5 The calculation of thermodynamic properties and equilibrium under fixed T, P and composition2.6 Gibbs energy of phases in steel – the Calphad method2.7 Various kinds of phase diagrams2.8 Effect of interfaces2.9 Thermodynamics of fluctuations in equilibrium systems2.10 Thermodynamics of nucleationChapter 3: Fundamentals of diffusion in phase transformationsAbstract:3.1 Introduction3.2 Driving forces of simultaneous processes3.3 Atomistic model of diffusion3.4 Change to a new frame of reference3.5 Evaluation of mobilities3.6 Trapping and transition to diffusionless transformation3.7 Future trends3.8 AcknowledgementChapter 4: Kinetics of phase transformations in steelsAbstract:4.1 Introduction4.2 General kinetic models4.3 Geometrical/microstructural aspects in kinetics4.4 Nucleation4.5 Growth4.6 Experimental methods4.7 Industrial relevance4.8 AcknowledgementsChapter 5: Structure, energy and migration of phase boundaries in steelsAbstract:5.1 Introduction5.2 Atomic structure of phase boundaries5.3 Free energies of phase boundaries5.4 Migration of phase boundaries5.5 Conclusions and future trendsPart II: Diffusion-controlled transformationsChapter 6: Fundamentals of ferrite formation in steelsAbstract:6.1 Introduction6.2 Crystallography6.3 Transformation ranges6.4 Nucleation6.5 Growth6.6 ConclusionsChapter 7: Proeutectoid ferrite and cementite transformations in steelsAbstract:7.1 Introduction7.2 Temperature-composition range of formation of proeutectoid ferrite and cementite7.3 The Dubé morphological classification system7.4 Three-dimensional morphological classifications7.5 Crystallographic orientation relationships with austenite7.6 Habit plane, growth direction and interfacial structure of proeutectoid precipitates7.7 Future trends7.8 Source of further information and advice7.9 AcknowledgementsChapter 8: The formation of pearlite in steelsAbstract:8.1 Introduction8.2 An overview of the pearlite reaction8.3 Crystallographic aspects of the reaction8.4 The role of alloying elements8.5 The deformation of pearlite8.6 Future trends in pearlitic steels8.7 Sources of further information and advice8.8 AcknowledgementsChapter 9: Nature and kinetics of the massive austenite-ferrite phase transformations in steelsAbstract:9.1 Introduction9.2 Kinetic information based on thermal analysis9.3 Modular phase transformation model9.4 Characteristics of normal and abnormal transformations9.5 Kinetics of the normal transformation9.6 Kinetics of the abnormal transformation9.7 Transition from diffusion-controlled growth to interface-controlled growth9.8 Transition from interface-controlled growth to diffusion-controlled growth9.9 Massive transformation under uniaxial compressive stress9.10 ConclusionPart III: Bainite and diffusional-displacive transformationsChapter 10: Mechanisms of bainite transformation in steelsAbstract:10.1 Introduction10.2 Bainite: general characteristics10.3 Diffusion-controlled growth mechanism10.4 Displacive mechanism of transformation10.5 Summary and conclusionChapter 11: Carbide-containing bainite in steelsAbstract:11.1 Definitions of bainite structure11.
