Full Description
In this chapter, the term 'renal osteodystrophy' will be used in a generic sense to include all the clinical syn- dromes of skeletal disease and altered calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P) homeostasis resulting from chronic renal failure (CRF). The skeletal pathology can include osteitis TAHQgT 0BQAN8 fibrosa and other features of secondary hyperparathy- OUT roidism, osteomalacia, aplastic or adynamic bone disease, PARATHVnOO QLAND osteoporosis, osteosclerosis, and in children, retardation of growth. Emphasis will be placed on the manifestations Figure I. Schema showing the conversion of vitamin D3 (D3) of these syndromes that occur in patients on maintenance to 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (25(OH)D3 or calciferol) in the liver dialysis with a consideration of pathogenesis, prevention and subsequently to 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin Dj (l,25[OH)2D3 and management. or calcitriol) in the kidney. Vitamin D through a specific action on collagen metabolisnh.
There The term, vitamin D, is used to include vitamin D, or are also cellular receptors for calcitriol in the parathyroid cholecalciferol, the naturally occurring sterol present in glands, pancreas, kidneys, and salivary glands, although animals, and vitamin D, or ergocalciferol, a sterol gener- its action in these tissues are uncertain. Recently, calcitriol ated through the ultraviolet irradiation of plant precursors.
Contents
Pathophysiology of the Uremic Syndrome. Principles and Biophysics of Dialysis.- The Uraemic Syndrome.- Principles and Biophysics of Dialysis.- Membranes for Hemodialysis.- Biophysics of Ultrafiltration and Hemofiltration.- Peritoneal Anatomy and Physiology During Peritoneal Dialysis.- Biocompatibility — Principles.- Technologe of Dialysis and Associated Methods.- Haemodialysers and Associated Devices.- Water Treatment for Contemporary Hemodialysis.- Hemodialysis Fluid Composition.- Hemodialysis Access Part A — Temporary.- Hemodialysis Access Part B — Permanent.- Malfunctioning Hemodialysis Access: Diagnosis and Percutaneous Treatment.- Thrombogenesis and Anticoagulation in Patients Undergoing Chronic Hemodialysis.- Hemodialysis Machines and Monitors.- Ultrafiltration/Hemofiltration Practice.- Continuous Arteriovenous Hemofiltration and Related Therapies.- Pros and Cons of Short, High Efficiency, and High Flux Dialysis.- Dialyzer Reuse — Techniques And Controversy.- Extracorporeal Blood Purification Techniques: Plasmapheresis and Hemoperfusion.- Peritoneal Dialysis Access/Placement/Connectors.- Solutions for Peritoneal Dialysis.- Automated Peritoneal Dialysis.- Continuous Peritoneal Dialysis.- Quantification and Prescription of Dialysis.- Indications For, Long Term Results and Limitations of Peritoneal Dialysis.- Quantification And Prescription General Principles.- Complications of Dialysis.- Peritoneal Infections, Hernias and Related Complications.- Acute Complications of Hemodialysis and their Prevention and Treatment.- Replacement of Renal Function by Dialysis.- Biocompatibility — Clinical Aspects.- Pharmacological Considerations.- Drug Dosage in Dialysis Patients.- Special Clinical Situations.- Acute Renal Failure.- Renal Replacement Therapy in Children.-Dialysis in the Elderly.- Pregnancies in Women on Renal Replacement Therapy.- The Dialysis Patient and Transplantation.- Dialytic Management of Diabetic Uremic Patients.- Dialysis in Special Clinical Situations: Anesthesia.- Organ System and Metabolic Complications in Chronic Dialysis.- Blood Pressure Control in Chronic Hemodialysis Patients.- Organ and Metabolic Complications: Cardiac.- Organ and Metabolic Complications: Lipids/Atherosclerosis.- Organ and Metabolic Complications: Acid-Base.- Pulmonary Aspects of Dialysis Patients.- Gastrointestinal Complications in Dialysis Patients.- Hematological Problems of Renal Failure.- Organ and Metabolic Complications: Bleeding Disorders in Renal Failure.- Immunological and Chronic Inflammatory Abnormalities in End Stage Renal Disease.- Host Defenses and Infectious Complications in Maintenance Hemodialysis Patients.- Viral Infections in Dialysis Patients Part A: Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection in Dialysis Patients.- Viral Infections in Dialysis Patients Part B: Dialysis Associated Hepatitis.- Renal Osteodystrophy.- Organ and Metabolic Complications — Abnormal Endocrine Function in Chronic Renal Failure.- Neurological Aspects of Dialysis Patients.- Organ and Metabolic Complications: Trace Elements.- Malnutrition and Dialysis.- Organ and Metabolic Complications: ?2-Microglobulin Amyloidosis.- Organization and Results of Chronic Dialysis.- Options in Renal Replacement Therapy.- A: Hemodialysis-Clinical Management and Follow Up.- B: Clinical Management and Follow up of PD Patients.- Home Hemodialysis and Satellite Hemodialysis.- Long-Term Survival in Dialysis Patients: A Demographic Overview.- A: The Work of The Registries for Renal Disease and Renal Failure: A Critical Review.- B: Outcomes With ESRD Therapy: A CriticalOverview from The United States.- C: Registry Report of Dialysis Therapy in Japan.- D: Structure and Outcome Measurements — EDTA-ERA Registry.- E: Outcomes — Critical Overview: Australian Registry.- F: Renal Replacement Therapy in Canada 1981-1992.- Assessing the Progression of Renal Disease.- Dialysis in Developing Countries.- Planning of Dialysis for Disasters.- A: Psychiatric Aspects of the Dialysis Patient.- B: Quality of Life of the Dialysis Patient.- Stopping Dialysis Practice and Cultural, Religious and Legal Aspects.
