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Proceedings of the International Conference held at Seville, Spain, October 27-31, 1986.
Contents
Opening Session.- Welcome speech.- Welcome address (in Spanish).- Opportunities for large-scale electricity production with photovoltaics in Europe.- Photovoltaics in 1986: Routes to low cost.- Pre Conference Seminar On Photovoltaics In Developing Countries.- Solar energy for pre-electrification in rural areas.- Photovoltaic water pumping - A 1986 update.- Telecommunication and professional uses of photovoltaics.- The importance of sociology in photovoltaic projects.- Technological issues in photovoltaics - An overview.- Present situation of photovoltaic applications in China.- Session 0l: Tests and Trials.- Progress in internatiotial photovoltaic standards.- PV system failures, test techniques and analysis.- Choice and definition of the best figures of merit for the analysis of PV plants - Application to the French pilot installation of Paomia.- Survey of module tests executed by the joint research centre of the EC according to EUR specifications 101 and 501 (502).- Summary of PV pilot plant monitoring data 1984-1985.- The calibration of primary terrestrial flat-plate reference devices - A proposed international standard.- Session 02: Applications and System Development 1.- Overview on CEC photovoltaic pilot projects.- Preliminary experience from the CEC photovoltaic demonstration programme and future prospects.- Present situation of the Delphos project - Design, installation and testing.- Small power photovoltaic systems.- Optimum design of photovoltaic water pumping systems.- A systematic analysis of power loss in PV arrays due to variations in cell parameters.- Optimization and analysis of PV systems using a computer model.- Poster Session 03: Applications and System Development I/II.- Experimental photovoltaic solar plant - 100 kWp.- The dissemination of photovoltaics in Developing Countries.- Adaption of direct coupled systems to radiation and load conditions.- Independent microcomputer controlled solar pump system with an asynchronous motor.- Control and power conditioning for photovoltaic power supply systems.- The experience of non-governmental development organisations in photovoltaics.- Performance comparison between two grid-connected PV-plants.- The degree of load-matching in photovoltaic systems.- Behaviour of the modules of the photovoltaic plant Tiso 15.- Harmonic distortion propagation in distribution systems with utility interactive photovoltaic systems.- Measurements of optical performance and alignment error of a manually-positioned line-focus concentrator.- A photovoltaic installation in a sub-Sahel village in Senegal.- Optimal number of solar cells in photovoltaic modules for residential applications.- Solar wall clock with a fluorescent planar concentrator (FPC).- On the use of the Cuk converter in photovoltaic assemblies.- Photovoltaic house supply for decentralized relief of the grid - An advanced application.- Using an expert system for PV technology transfer.- Photovoltaic cooling system with eutectic storage.- The problem of connecting a positive displacement piston pump to a PV array - An approach to a solution.- Dynamic behaviour of lead-acid batteries with special respect to photovoltaic applications.- Cost optimisation - Solar systems and cathodic protection put in perspective.- Wind and photovoltaic powered reverse osmosis seawater desalination plant.- The photovoltaic plants of Orbetello and Zannone.- Comparison of yearly efficiency and cost of energy for stationary, tracking and concentrating PV systems.- Optimization of hybrid autonomous energy systems.- Photovoltaic activities in the Netherlands.- Two years experience on 25 kWp photovoltaic system in Cituis village.- Status of 350-kW concentrator PV system after five years.- Outdoor testing of photovoltaic modules and arrays.- Poster Session 04: Tests and Trials.- Optical biasing in solar cell metrology: principle and applications.- Accelerated stress testing of commercial a-Si:H solar cells.- Influence of reference cell and spectrum on the measurement of solar cells.- Hot spots in solar cells - Test procedures and study of related phenomena.- Effect of solar spectral variation on solar cell short circuit current: results of long-term continuous measurements.- Uncomplicated measurement procedure for I-V characteristics of photovoltaic generators at remote sites.- The Multi-Intensity-Simulator of the Joint Research Centre.- Measurements of spectral responsivities of cells and modules.- Calibration of an amorphous silicon simulator.- The performance of stand-alone photovoltaic systems, with and without voltage regulation.- Qualification activities for PV-cells and modules in Spain.- Long-term outdoor performance characteristics of silicon and thermopile solar irradiance sensors.- Simplified calibration method for silicon solar irradiance sensors.- The photovoltaic test field EARS and the ENRA facility.- Construction, Research and Development of PV power generation system for centralized array location (1MW).- Session 05: Applications and System Development II.- Rural Electrification.- Energy consumption patterns of the rural photovoltaic market in Spain.- Photovoltaic systems for rural applications in India.- Session 06: Amorphous Thin-Film Solar Cells.- Light-induced degradation in amorphous silicon solar cells.- Spectroscopic investigation of deep states in amorphous silicon - changes with doping and applied stress.- CO2 Laser-assisted CVD of amorphous silicon alloys for photovoltaic applications.- Study of wavelength dependence of the open-circuit voltage in a-Si:H based P-I-N solar cells.- Amorphous silicon photodiodes - from the laboratory to large size panel production.- New fabrication process and new materials for high efficiency a-Si solar cells.- Optimization of stable a-SiC/a-Si tandem solar cell with blocking barriers.- High efficiency a-Si:H solar cells: stability and structure as a function of growth rate.- Session 07: Polycrystalline Thin-Film Solar Cells.- High efficiency low cost tandem photovoltaic modules: the way to go.- Thin film solar cells.- CuInSe2 and CuGaSe2 thin film solar cells for tandem structures.- Heterojunction solar cells based on Cu(Ga,In)Se2 chalcopyrite thin films.- The deposition parameters of CdSe/ZnSe layers and the photovoltaic properties of CdSe thin film solar cells.- Optimization and limitations of ITO/p-InSe/Au solar cells.- Poster Session 08: Amorphous Thin-Film Solar Cells.- The effect of silane dilution with hydrogen on the deposition of glow-discharge-deposited silicon films.- Characterization of P-type a-SiC:H films for the use as window layer of amorphous silicon solar cells.- Novel method for pss-layer doping in amorphous silicon cells.- Economical patterning of series connected a-Silicon modules.- Determination of the density of states in p-i-p and p- ? -p structures of a-Si:H, light and current induced effects.- Silicide formation on amorphous silicon carbide alloys.- The dependence of open circuit voltage on cell thickness in thin film silicon: hydrogen solar cells.- Crystalline vs. amorphous silicon - a comparison of their respective properties and their significance in photovoltaic applications.- Influence of a DC electric field on hydrogen incorporation and doping efficiency of a-Si:H films.- Plasma optimisation for intrinsic and doped a-Si:H films.- I.V curve fitting for a-Si:H solar cells.- The influence of electric field on stability.- Contamination effects in p-i-n amorphous silicon solar cells; changes in the characteristics of the intrinsic layer.- Properties of a-Si:H/a-Si:H interfaces generated by plasma switching.- Interface chemistry of tin oxide and glow discharge deposited amorphous silicon thin film couples.- Gap-states studies in a-Si:N:H by photothermal deflection spectroscopy and photoconductivity.- High efficiency a-Si basis stacked solar cells.- Characterization of amorphous silicon films through infrared spectroscopy and hydrogen thermal effusion.- The efficiency, reproducibility and stability of Glass/TCO/p(Si:C)-i-n/metal amorphous silicon solar cells.- Geminate recombination process in CdZnS-(CH)x heterojunctions.- Structure and optical properties of hydrogenated amorphous carbon-tin (a-C:Sn:H) alloys prepared by sputter-assisted plasma chemical deposition technique.- Conductivity dependence on the hydrogen concentration and thickness of a-Si:H films.- Crucial parameters in amorphous solar cells.- Electrical, optical and structural properties of a-SiGe:H films.- Poster Session 09: Polycrystalline Thin-Film Solar Cells.- Sprayed CdS/CuInSe2 solar cells: first results.- Stabilizing processes for Cux S-CdS thin film solar cells.- Reactive magnetron sputtering deposition of indium-tin-oxide films for photovoltaic applications.- Effects of surface topography on dark current conduction processes in single crystal Cu2S/CdS solar cells.- ZnO/CdTe solar cells prepared by RF sputtering.- Spectral response of cadmium sine sulfide-polyacetyleneheterojunction modeling by Onsager recombination process.- Optical and photoelectronic properties of zinc phosphide (Zn3P2) relevant to photovoltaic conversion.- The fabrication of merocyanine - cadmium sulphide solar cells in a school laboratory.- CuInSe2/CdS thin film solar cells by R.F. sputtering.- Sprayed (Cd,Zn)S thin films: performances as Cu-stopping layer and admittance spectroscopy modeling.- GaAs thin film solar cells obtained by vapour phase homoepitaxy (VPE) on reusable substrates.- A new approach to the fabrication of CdS-Cux S solar cells.- Session 10: Si Cell and Module Technology.- High efficiency silicon solar cells.- Boron neutralization by hydrogen ion implantation in silicon.- Microwave heating in solar module production.- Session 11: Silicon Materials.- Materials for the photovoltaic market: present situation and future outlook.- Investigation of large sized ingots prepared by silso casting.- Role of carbon on the electrical activity of directional solidification polysilicon.- Silicon sheets for solar cells grown from powder layers: SSP-method.- Photovoltaic silicon production by plasma process.- New aspects in aluminothermic reduction of SiO2.- Removal of carbon and SIC from silicon prepared by advanced carbothermic reduction.- Solar-grade silicon.- Session 12: Concentrator and High-Efficiency Cells.- Point contact silicon solar cells.- The superlinear behaviour of short-circuit current in silicon concentrator cells at concentrations up to 1400 suns.- High-efficiency "Polyx" solar cells.- III-V concentrator cells for space and terrestrial applications.- An InP lattice-matched Ga0.47 In0.53 As cell for multispecial photovoltaics.- Progress in photovoltaic concentrator research.- Poster Session 13: Silicon Materials.- Improvements in direct-cast silicon sheet for low-cost solar cells.- Low cost high speed Si ribbon growth by the HSW-technique.- Crystalline silicon photovoltaic arrays: a final summary of flat-plate solar array (FSA) project work (1975-1986).- Solar cells made by the integral screen printing procedure on various epitaxial UMG-Si-substrates.- Low temperature back surface passivation of solar cells by plasma silicon nitride.- Pulling of multicrystalline silicon ribbons and residual stresses - Measurements by computer aided photoelasticimetry.- Recent advance in wire wafering technology.- Improvements in the SiF4-Na process.- Precipitation phenomena in cast silicon.- Silicon-film solar cell development.- High speed formation of silicon ribbon by rapid solidification.- Multicrystalline and amorphous silicon materials and devices -Status of the French basic and applied research programmes.- Poster Session 14: Si Cell and Module Technology.- Screen-printed particulate silicon devices.- Application of a plasma technique for solar cell fabrication.- Improvement of polycrystalline silicon cells by adsorption of hydrogen.- Comparison of the open circuit voltage for point contact and linear contact IBC solar cells.- Development and optimization of a screenprinted TiO2 antireflection coating for solar cells.- The limitations of multibandgap solar cell performance.- p+n n+ and pin low cost silicon solar cell technology.- An interdigitated back contact solar cell with high efficiency under concentrated sunlight.- Small concentrators for photovoltaic static concentration applications.- GaAlAs/GaAs solar cells. Bulk graded band gap structures, an optimization.- Back point contact cells modeling.- Study of an industrial fabrication process of monocrystalline silicon solar cells based on ion implantation and screen printed contacts.- Improved short-circuit current of ion-implanted crystalline silicon solar cells.- Limiting recombination in Si concentrator solar cells.- Silicon-based adaptation structure for the epitaxial growth of GaAs solar cells.- The "Miner" point-focus concentrating PV array.- Solar cells made by rapid thermal annealing of As+- implanted monocrystalline silicon. Relationship between annealing parameters and junction characteristics.- AI0.2Ga0.8 As solar cells made by improved liquid phase epitaxy.- Design considerations for the fluorescent planar concentrator/ III-V solar cell system.- Properties of GaAs bulk crystals in high-doping regime.- Influence of defects in substrates on the structure of epitaxial GaAs-layers grown by MOCVD.- Optical confinement in silicon solar cells.- Poster Session 15: Fundamentals.- Evaporated and ion beam sputtered ITO films for solar cells.- A model of the InP/CdS heterojunction in high efficiency solar cells.- Exact extraction and analysis of model parameters of photovoltaic characteristics I(V) at constant irradiance.- On the possible origins of the multicrystalline silicon cells low Voc Modeling of the influence of grain boundary effects.- Sulfur diffused n+/p InP photodiodes - Influence of the p type substrate degradation on the photoelectrical properties.- Behavior of hydrogen introduced under plasma discharge or cathodic polarization into silicon.- Single crystal Cu2-+Te/CdTe photovoltaic cells.- Two-dimensional Monte Carlo simulation of crystalline silicon solar cells.- A new method to calculate the density of states from field effect measurements.- Fitting Isc-Voc characteristics of BSF bifacial cells via a simplified variable injection model.- Analysis of the influence of leakage currents through the p-p+ junction of an n+ pp+ bifacial solar cell.- Modified anderson model taking into account effective masses' change at the heterojunction.- Analysis of light elements in solar silicon.- A testing structure to evaluate the surface recombination: photovoltaic parameters and optical reflection.- Optimization of solar cell tandem systems in dependence of important cell parameters.- Parameters affecting the performance of silicon solar cells obtained by laser photochemical doping.- A unified thick/thin-film optical model for silicon solar cells and modules.- Open circuit voltage loss mechanisms.- Simultaneous determination of L and Seff for bifacial cells from posterior illumination spectral quantum efficiency measurements.- Key-factors influencing diffusion length.- Limits of gettering possibilities in solar grade silicon.- Statistics of daily solar energy in Italy.- Solar energy and eliophany dependence: concurrent statistics over Italy.- Study of trap distribution and method of neutralization in ITO/POLY-Si junction.- Laser beam induced current topography and image processing applied to solar cells characterization.- Design considerations for heavily doped layers in silicon solar cells.- Optical absorption measurements in GaAs by a photoluminescent technique.- On the analysis of surfaces and interfaces by LEIS, AES and SIMS.- Session 16: Fundamentals.- New solar cell design concepts.- Ga1-ss A1ss As/GaAs monolithic cascade solar cells: Limitation of the GaAIAs cell performance near the cross-over region..- A carnot cycle for the solar cell.- Dislocation enhanced gettering of polycrystalline silicon cells by aluminium.- Passivation techniques for silicon solar cells.- The theory of static concentration..- Session 17: National Programmes.- PV activities of the European Community.- The French photovoltaic programme.- The photovoltaic program of the Federal Republic of Germany.- National Programme of Italy.- Spanish National photovoltaic program.- The US Department of energy photovoltaic program for 1987.- Poster Session 18: Late News.- On the quantum yield of photocurrents in p-n Si photodiodes under very high intensity (pulsed laser) illumination.- Demonstration of optical confinement in solution-grown thin-film silicon solar cells.- Growth and characterization of a-Si1-ss Gess:H alloys.- Amorphous hydrogenated alloys: a comparative EXAFS study of a-Si C:H, a-Si1-ss Gess:H, a-SiNss:H at the silicon K-edge.- Deposition of a-Si:H by direct photo-decomposition of Si2H6 using vacuum ultra violet light.- Chemisorption processes in glow discharge silicon deposition: experimental evidence on the identity of the growth precursors.- Polycrystalline CdS/CdTe/ZnTe n-i-p solar cell.- Electrochemical preparation of CdSe0.65Te0.35 - Photoelectrochemical characterization and performance of photovoltaic solar cells.- Electrochemically grown indium selenide thin films for PEC's solar cells.- Improved performance of CdS/CdTe solar cells with carbon contacts.- R.F. sputtered CuInSe2 thin films in Ar/H2 atmospheres.- A novel combination of low concentration CPC collectors with bifacial photovoltaic cells.- Performance analysis of PV pilot plant "Isola del Giglio".- Addendum To Poster Session.- Hydrogen generation with hybrid solar-wind electric power supply.- List of Participants.- Author Index.
