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Full Description
Concrete has traditionally been known as a material used widely in the construction of roads, bridges and buildings. Since cost effectiveness has always been one of the more important aspects of design, concrete, when reinforced and/or prestressed, is finding more use in other areas of application such as floating marine structures, storage tanks, nuclear vessel containments and a host of other structures. Because of the demand for concrete to operate under different loading and environmen tal conditions, increasing attention has been paid to study concrete specimens and structure behavior. A subject of major concern is how the localized segregation of the constituents in concrete would affect its global behavior. The degree of nonhomogeneity due to material property and damage. by yielding and/or cracking depends on the size scale and loading rate under consideration. Segregation or clustering of aggregates at the macroscopic level will affect specimen behavior to a larger degree than it would to a large structure such as a dam. Hence, a knowledge of concrete behavior over a wide range of scale is desired. The parameters governing micro-and macro-cracking and the techniques for evaluating and observing the damage in concrete need to be better understood. This volume is intended to be an attempt in this direction. The application of Linear Elastic Fracture Mechanics to concrete is discussed in several of the chapters.
Contents
1. Mechanics of fracture and progressive cracking in concrete structures.- 1.1 Introduction.- 1.2 Blunt crack band theory.- 1.3 Finite element implementation.- 1.4 Energy considerations.- 1.5 Applications and practical analysis.- 1.6 Crack development.- 1.7 General model for progressive fracturing.- 1.8 Conclusion.- References.- 2. Scale effects in fracture of plain and reinforced concrete structures.- 2.1 Introduction.- 2.2 Dimensional analysis applied to plain and reinforced concrete structures.- 2.3 Fracture stability in plain and reinforced concrete elements.- 2.4 Hysteretic behaviour of reinforced concrete elements.- 2.5 Appendix: Dimensional independence.- References.- 3. Numerical methods to simulate softening and fracture of concrete.- 3.1 Introduction.- 3.2 The behaviour of concrete in a tension test.- 3.3 A comparison between concrete and steel.- 3.4 Tensile fracture zones.- 3.5 A general model for the tensile fracture of concrete.- 3.6 Material properties.- 3.7 FEM analysis of a fracture zone: coincident with predetermined crack path.- 3.8 FEM analysis of a fracture zone: not coincident with predetermined crack path.- 3.9 Some comparisons with test results.- 3.10 Summary and conclusions.- References.- 4. Numerical modeling of discrete crack propagation in reinforced and plain concrete.- 4.1 Introduction.- 4.2 Discrete crack models for concrete.- 4.3 The linear model.- 4.4 The nonlinear model.- 4.5 Crack propagation modeling: the future.- References.- 5. Fracture of steels for reinforcing and prestressing concrete.- 5.1 Introduction.- 5.2 Fracture.- 5.3 Fracture under extreme conditions.- 5.4 Fatigue.- 5.5 Environment sensitive cracking.- References.- Author's index.
